Shloka 14

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Brahmacarya and the Formless Brahman

Udyoga Parva 44

Devanagari script

द्रव्यवान्‌ गुणवानेवं त्यागी भवति सात््विक: । पज्च भूतानि पञ्चभ्यो निवर्तयति तादृश:

Transliteration

dravyavān guṇavān evaṁ tyāgī bhavati sāttvikaḥ | pañca bhūtāni pañcabhyo nivartayati tādṛśaḥ ||

Translation

สนัตสุชาตะกล่าวว่า “คฤหัสถ์ผู้มั่งคั่งและเปี่ยมคุณธรรม ดำรงอยู่ด้วยจิตแห่งการสละ ย่อมเป็นผู้มีสภาวะสัตตวะ (sāttvika). คนเช่นนั้นย่อมยับยั้งอินทรีย์ทั้งห้า หันกลับจากอารมณ์ทั้งห้า.”

Word by Word

• द्रव्यवान्: wealthy, possessing resources
• द्रव्यवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्रव्यवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गुणवान्: virtuous, possessing good qualities
• गुणवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुणवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• त्यागी: renouncing, generous
• त्यागी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्यागिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भवति: becomes, is
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Present (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सात्त्विकः: sattvic, of pure disposition
• सात्त्विकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सात्त्विक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पञ्च: five
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पञ्च

• भूतानि: beings; (here) elements/senses (contextual)
• भूतानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• पञ्चभ्यः: from five (as a numeral base for the following form)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पञ्च

• निवर्तयति: turns back, withdraws, restrains
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-वृत् (causative: निवर्तयति)
• Form: Present (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तादृशः: such (a one), of that kind
• तादृशः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तादृश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

सनत्युजात उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanatsujata

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True sāttvika living is not mere possession or status but inner renunciation: even while wealthy and active as a householder, one should withdraw the senses from their objects and live with disciplined detachment.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Sanatsujātīya discourse of Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs on spiritual and ethical discipline, describing the ideal householder who cultivates virtue and restrains the senses.