Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 12

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 40 — Vidura’s Ethical Counsel and Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Fatalistic Turn

विषहेरन्‌ भयामर्षो क्षुत्पिपासे मदोद्धवौ । अरतिकश्लैव तन्द्री च कामक्रोधौ क्षयोदयौ

viṣaherann bhayāmarṣo kṣutpipāse madoddhavau | aratikaś caiva tandrī ca kāmakrodhau kṣayodayau ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า พวกเขาอดทนต่อความหวาดกลัวและความขุ่นเคือง; ความหิวและความกระหาย; ความปั่นป่วนที่เกิดจากความมึนเมา; ทั้งความเบื่อหน่าย ความท้อถอย และความง่วงซึม; และกามกับโทสะ—ซึ่งบางคราวเสื่อมลง บางคราวก็ผุดขึ้น.

विषहेरन्they endured/tolerated
विषहेरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविषह् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, Plural, परस्मैपद
भयामर्षःfear and indignation
भयामर्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभयामर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुत्पिपासेhunger and thirst
क्षुत्पिपासे:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुत् + पिपासा (प्रातिपदिके)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Dual
मदोद्धवौintoxication and agitation
मदोद्धवौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद + उद्धव (प्रातिपदिके)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अरतिdiscontent/restlessness
अरति:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअरति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कश्लैवweariness/affliction
कश्लैव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकश्ला (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तन्द्रीdrowsiness
तन्द्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतन्द्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामक्रोधौdesire and anger
कामक्रोधौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाम + क्रोध (प्रातिपदिके)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
क्षयोदयौdecline and rise
क्षयोदयौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय + उदय (प्रातिपदिके)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical discipline of endurance and self-mastery: fear, resentment, hunger, thirst, lethargy, discontent, desire, and anger fluctuate (rise and fall), and one’s steadiness in dharma is tested by bearing them without being driven by them.

In the Udyoga Parva’s build-up to war, Vaiśampāyana describes the pressures people undergo—physical hardships and mental agitations—and notes how passions like desire and anger alternately intensify and subside amid the tense preparations and negotiations.