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Shloka 23

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

प्रज्ञावृद्ध धर्मवृद्ध॑ स्वबन्धुं विद्यावृद्धं वयसा चापि वृद्धम्‌ । कार्याकार्ये पूजयित्वा प्रसाद्य यः सम्पृच्छेन्न स मुहोत्‌ कदाचित्‌,जो बुद्धि, धर्म, विद्या और अवस्थामें बड़े अपने बन्धुको आदर-सत्कारसे प्रसन्न करके उससे कर्तव्य-अकर्तव्यके विषयमें प्रश्न करता है, वह कभी मोहमें नहीं पड़ता

prajñā-vṛddhaṁ dharma-vṛddhaṁ svabandhuṁ vidyā-vṛddhaṁ vayasā cāpi vṛddham | kāryākārye pūjayitvā prasādya yaḥ sampṛcchen na sa muhyet kadācit ||

ผู้ใดเคารพบูชาและทำให้ญาติผู้ใหญ่—ผู้เจริญด้วยปัญญา เจริญด้วยธรรม เจริญด้วยวิชา และสูงวัย—พอใจแล้ว จึงไต่ถามถึงสิ่งที่ควรทำและไม่ควรทำ ผู้นั้นย่อมไม่ตกอยู่ในความหลงเลยแม้กาลใด.

प्रज्ञा-वृद्धम्advanced in wisdom
प्रज्ञा-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रज्ञा-वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्म-वृद्धम्advanced in dharma
धर्म-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म-वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्व-बन्धुम्one's own kinsman
स्व-बन्धुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वबन्धु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्या-वृद्धम्advanced in learning
विद्या-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्या-वृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वयसाby age
वयसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवयस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वृद्धम्elder
वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कार्य-अकार्येin (matters of) what should be done and not done
कार्य-अकार्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य-अकार्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
पूजयित्वाhaving honored
पूजयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
प्रसाद्यhaving pleased (him)
प्रसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive), Active
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्पृच्छेत्should ask/inquire
सम्पृच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्रच्छ्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुह्येत्would be deluded
मुह्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootमुह्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
कदाचित्ever/at any time
कदाचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित्

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
S
svabandhu (elder kinsman/relative)

Educational Q&A

When uncertain about duty versus non-duty (kārya vs akārya), one should respectfully approach a genuinely qualified elder—wise, righteous, learned, and experienced—and seek guidance; such disciplined consultation prevents moral confusion and wrong choices.

In the Udyoga Parva context of impending conflict and high-stakes decisions, Vidura offers counsel emphasizing ethical clarity: proper action is secured by honoring and consulting trustworthy elders/kinsmen who embody wisdom and dharma.