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Shloka 15

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

मृतं पुत्र दुःखपुष्टं मनुष्या उत्क्षिप्य राजन्‌ स्वगृहान्निर्हरन्ति । त॑ मुक्तकेशा: करुणं रुदन्ति चितामध्ये काष्ठमिव क्षिपन्ति,राजन! जिसको बड़े कष्टसे पाला-पोसा था, वही पुत्र जब मर जाता है, तब मनुष्य उसे उठाकर तुरंत अपने घरसे बाहर कर देते हैं। पहले तो उसके लिये बाल छितराये करुणाभरे स्वरमें विलाप करते हैं, फिर साधारण काष्ठकी भाँति उसे जलती चितामें झोंक देते हैं

mṛtaṃ putra duḥkhapuṣṭaṃ manuṣyā utkṣipya rājan svagṛhānnirharanti | taṃ muktakeśāḥ karuṇaṃ rudanti citāmadhye kāṣṭham iva kṣipanti ||

ข้าแต่พระราชา! บุตรที่เลี้ยงดูมาด้วยความยากลำบาก ครั้นตายลงแล้ว ผู้คนยกศพขึ้นและรีบนำออกไปจากเรือนของตน ก่อนนั้นพวกเขาปล่อยผมสยาย ร่ำไห้คร่ำครวญอย่างน่าเวทนา แล้วจึงโยนลงกลางเชิงตะกอนประหนึ่งเป็นเพียงฟืนธรรมดา

मृतम्dead (one)
मृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (√मृ)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दुःखपुष्टम्reared with hardship
दुःखपुष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखपुष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मनुष्याःpeople
मनुष्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उत्क्षिप्यhaving lifted
उत्क्षिप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्+√क्षिप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्वगृहात्from (their) own house
स्वगृहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वगृह
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निर्हरन्तिcarry out
निर्हरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्+√हृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मुक्तकेशाःwith hair let loose
मुक्तकेशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमुक्तकेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
करुणम्pitiably, in a lamenting way
करुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रुदन्तिweep
रुदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√रुद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चितामध्येin the middle of the funeral pyre
चितामध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचितामध्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
काष्ठम्a piece of wood
काष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
क्षिपन्तिthrow, cast
क्षिपन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√क्षिप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied by context)
S
son (putra)
H
house (gṛha)
F
funeral pyre (citā)
F
firewood (kāṣṭha)

Educational Q&A

Even the strongest worldly attachment—such as to a dearly raised son—meets the reality of impermanence: after brief lamentation, the body is swiftly removed and consigned to the pyre. Vidura uses this to cultivate dispassion and clear judgment, reminding the king not to be ruled by attachment, grief, or delusion when deciding what is right (dharma).

Vidura is counseling the king by pointing to a common funeral scene: people carry a dead son out of the house, mourn with loosened hair, and then place him on the pyre like ordinary wood. The vivid image supports Vidura’s broader moral instruction in Udyoga Parva, urging sober reflection amid the crisis leading toward war.