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Shloka 71

Vidura-nīti: Atithi-dharma, Trust, Counsel-Secrecy, and Traits of Sustainable Rule

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 38

न तत्‌ परस्य संदध्यात्‌ प्रतिकूल यदात्मन: । संग्रहेणैष धर्म: स्थात्‌ कामादन्य: प्रवर्तते,जो अपने प्रतिकूल जान पड़े, उसे दूसरोंके प्रति भी न करे। थोड़ेमें धर्मका यही स्वरूप है। इसके विपरीत जिसमें कामनासे प्रवृत्ति होती है, वह तो अधर्म है

na tat parasya sandadhyāt pratikūla yad ātmanaḥ | saṅgraheṇaiṣa dharmaḥ syāt kāmād anyaḥ pravartate ||

สิ่งใดที่ตนรู้ว่าเป็นโทษและขัดต่อประโยชน์ของตน ก็ไม่ควรกระทำสิ่งนั้นต่อผู้อื่นด้วย โดยย่อ นี่แหละคือธรรม; ส่วนการประพฤติที่ขับเคลื่อนด้วยกามะและสวนทางกับข้อนี้ คืออธรรม.

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
tatthat (act/thing)
tat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formneuter, accusative, singular
parasyaof another (person)
parasya:
TypeNoun
Rootpara
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
saṃdadhyātshould do/should apply/should inflict
saṃdadhyāt:
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√dhā
Formoptative, parasmaipada, third, singular
pratikūlamunfavorable, adverse
pratikūlam:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootpratikūla
Formneuter, accusative, singular
yatwhich/whatever
yat:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formneuter, accusative, singular
ātmanaḥof oneself
ātmanaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootātman
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
saṃgraheṇain brief, by summary
saṃgraheṇa:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃgraha
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
eṣaḥthis
eṣaḥ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootetad
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
dharmaḥdharma, righteous conduct
dharmaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdharma
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
sthātshould be/should stand (as)
sthāt:
TypeVerb
Root√sthā
Formoptative, parasmaipada, third, singular
kāmātfrom desire, due to desire
kāmāt:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootkāma
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
anyaḥanother, different (one)
anyaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootanya
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
pravartateacts, proceeds, is engaged
pravartate:
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√vṛt
Formpresent indicative, ātmanepada, third, singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Dharma, in essence, is the rule of non-harm and reciprocity: do not inflict on others what you recognize as adverse to yourself. Actions driven by selfish desire (kāma) that violate this principle are adharma.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers moral and political counsel during the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he distills ethical conduct into a concise maxim, warning that desire-driven behavior undermines righteousness.