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Shloka 41

Vidura-nīti: Atithi-dharma, Trust, Counsel-Secrecy, and Traits of Sustainable Rule

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 38

मत्या परीक्ष्य मेधावी बुद्धया सम्पाद्य चासकृत्‌ । श्र॒ुत्वा दृष्टवाथ विज्ञाय प्राज्ञैमैत्रीं समाचरेत्‌,बुद्धिमान्‌ पुरुष बुद्धिसे जाँचकर अपने अनुभवसे बारंबार उनकी योग्यताका निश्चय करे; फिर दूसरोंसे सुनकर और स्वयं देखकर भलीभाँति विचार करके विद्वानोंके साथ मित्रता करे

matyā parīkṣya medhāvī buddhyā sampādya cāsakṛt | śrutvā dṛṣṭvātha vijñāya prājñair maitrīṃ samācaret ||

ผู้มีปัญญาควรตรวจสอบด้วยดุลยพินิจของตน และตรึกตรองด้วยสติปัญญาซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่าจนแน่ชัด; ครั้นได้ฟังจากแหล่งที่เชื่อถือได้ เห็นด้วยตนเอง และรู้ความจริงแล้ว จึงคบหามิตรกับบัณฑิต

मत्याwith (one's) understanding
मत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
परीक्ष्यhaving examined
परीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपरीक्ष्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
मेधावीthe intelligent person
मेधावी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमेधाविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धयाwith intellect
बुद्धया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सम्पाद्यhaving ascertained/established
सम्पाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + पद्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असकृत्repeatedly
असकृत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसकृत्
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
विज्ञायhaving understood/ascertained
विज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
प्राज्ञैःwith the wise (people)
प्राज्ञैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
मैत्रीम्friendship
मैत्रीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
समाचरेत्should cultivate/practise
समाचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर्
FormVidhi-linga (optative), Present (injunctive sense), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Friendship should be formed only after careful, repeated examination of a person’s character—using reason, trustworthy testimony, and one’s own observation—and it should be directed toward the wise (prājña), since companionship shapes one’s dharma and conduct.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura is giving moral-political counsel during the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he lays down a principle of prudent association: verify people through thought, inquiry, and direct experience, and then align oneself with discerning, virtuous companions.