Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 34

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

तृणानि भूमिरुदकं वाक्‌ चतुर्थी च सूनूता । सतामेतानि गेहेषु नोच्छिद्यन्ते कदाचन,तृणका आसन, पृथ्वी, जल और चौथी मीठी वाणी--सज्जनोंके घरमें इन चार चीजोंकी कभी कमी नहीं होती

tṛṇāni bhūmir udakaṃ vāk caturthī ca sūnṛtā | satām etāni geheṣu nocchidyante kadācana ||

หญ้าเป็นที่นั่ง พื้นดินเป็นที่พัก น้ำสำหรับต้อนรับ และประการที่สี่— ‘สูนฤตา’ คือวาจาอ่อนหวานและสัตย์จริง; ในเรือนของสัตบุรุษ สิ่งทั้งสี่นี้ไม่เคยขาดแคลน

तृणानिgrass (blades of grass)
तृणानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतृण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
भूमिःearth/ground
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उदकम्water
उदकम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वाक्speech/word
वाक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चतुर्थीthe fourth
चतुर्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सूनूताkindness/gentleness (pleasantness)
सूनूता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूनूता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सताम्of the good/virtuous people
सताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
गेहेषुin (their) houses
गेहेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उच्छिद्यन्तेare cut off/come to an end
उच्छिद्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootछिद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (Passive sense), Third, Plural
कदाचनever/at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
G
grass (tṛṇa)
E
earth/ground (bhūmi)
W
water (udaka)
S
sweet truthful speech (sūnṛtā-vāk)

Educational Q&A

True goodness is shown through unfailing hospitality and humane speech: even with minimal resources, the virtuous always offer a place (earth), a simple seat (grass), water, and gentle truthful words (sūnṛtā).

In Vidura’s counsel during the Udyoga Parva, he presents practical markers of a righteous household. He highlights everyday conduct—especially hospitality and restrained, kind speech—as signs of satya and dharma amid the tense pre-war setting.