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Shloka 54

Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition

द्वे कर्मणी नरः कुर्वन्नस्मिललोके विरोचते । अब्रुवन्‌ परुषं किंचिदसतो<नर्चयंस्तथा,जरा भी कठोर न बोलना और दुष्ट पुरुषोंका आदर न करना--इन दो कर्मोंका करनेवाला मनुष्य इस लोकमें विशेष शोभा पाता है

dve karmaṇī naraḥ kurvann asmiṁl loke virocate | abruvan paruṣaṁ kiñcid asato 'narcayaṁs tathā ||

วิทุระกล่าวว่า “มนุษย์ย่อมรุ่งเรืองในโลกนี้ด้วยการประพฤติสองประการ: (๑) ไม่กล่าวถ้อยคำหยาบกร้านแม้เพียงเล็กน้อย และ (๒) ไม่ยกย่องให้เกียรติคนพาลผู้ไม่สัตย์จริง.”

द्वेtwo
द्वे:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Dual
कर्मणीactions/deeds
कर्मणी:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Dual
नरःa man/person
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुर्वन्doing/performing
कुर्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
लोकेworld
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विरोचतेshines/is distinguished
विरोचते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरुच्
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, Third, Singular
अब्रुवन्not speaking
अब्रुवन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle) with privative अ-
परुषम्harsh (speech/word)
परुषम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
किञ्चित्anything (at all)
किञ्चित्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, indeclinable-like usage as 'anything' in accusative
असतःof a wicked/evil (person)
असतः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootअसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अनर्चयन्not honoring
अनर्चयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअर्च्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle) with privative अ-
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura

Educational Q&A

Two practices make a person socially and morally distinguished: (1) restraint from harsh speech, even in small measure, and (2) refusing to confer respect on the wicked/untruthful. The verse links personal excellence to disciplined speech and principled allocation of honor.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers nīti (ethical counsel) amid rising tensions leading to war. Here he highlights everyday moral disciplines—how one speaks and whom one honors—as practical markers of dharma in public life.