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Shloka 28

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

श्रेयांस्तस्माद्‌ यदि विद्येत कश्नि- दभिज्ञात: सर्वधर्मोपपन्न: । सतं द्रष्टमनुशिष्यात्‌ प्रजानां न चैतद्‌ बुध्येदिति तस्मिन्नसाधु:,यदि राजाको यह ज्ञात हो जाय कि उसके राज्यमें कोई सर्वधर्मसम्पन्न श्रेष्ठ पुरुष निवास करता है तो वह उसीको प्रजाके गुण-दोषका निरीक्षण करनेके लिये नियुक्त करे तथा उसके द्वारा पता लगवावे कि मेरे राज्यमें कोई पापकर्म करनेवाला तो नहीं है

śreyāṁs tasmād yadi vidyeta kaścid abhijñātaḥ sarvadharmopapannaḥ | sataṁ dṛṣṭam anuśiṣyāt prajānāṁ na caitad budhyed iti tasminn asādhuḥ ||

ฉะนั้น หากพระราชาทรงทราบว่าในแว่นแคว้นของพระองค์มีบุรุษผู้ประเสริฐผู้หนึ่ง—ผู้มีปัญญาเฉียบแหลมและเพียบพร้อมด้วยคุณแห่งธรรมทั้งปวง—ก็ควรทรงแต่งตั้งสาธุชนผู้ผ่านการพิสูจน์ด้วยประสบการณ์นั้น ให้ตรวจตราและอบรมชี้นำประชาราษฎร์ และโดยอาศัยเขานั้น พระราชาพึงทรงสืบให้แน่ชัดว่าในราชอาณาจักรมีผู้ใดกระทำบาปกรรมอยู่หรือไม่; ผู้ใดไม่เข้าใจและไม่ปฏิบัติตามนี้ ในเรื่องนั้นย่อมไม่เป็นผู้ประพฤติชอบ।

श्रेयान्better, superior (person)
श्रेयान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्than that; from him/that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
विद्येतshould exist; be found
विद्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative, Atmanepada, 3rd, Singular
कश्चित्someone, some (person)
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिज्ञातःwell-known; recognized
अभिज्ञातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-ज्ञा (अभिज्ञात)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नःendowed with all virtues/duties
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व-धर्म-उपपन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सताम्of the good (people)
सताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
द्रष्टम्to see; seeing (as an object/infinitival sense)
द्रष्टम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (द्रष्टृ/द्रष्ट)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुशिष्यात्should instruct; should appoint/commission (by instruction)
अनुशिष्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-शास्
FormOptative, Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular
प्रजानाम्of the subjects/people
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this (matter)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बुध्येतshould understand; should realize
बुध्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormOptative, Atmanepada, 3rd, Singular
इतिthus; (quotation marker)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तस्मिन्in that (case/person)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
असाधुःa bad man; not good
असाधुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसाधु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (speaker)
R
rājā (the king)
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)
S
sat (a virtuous/excellent man)

Educational Q&A

A king should rely on a proven, dharma-qualified and discerning person to oversee and guide the populace, using such moral authority to detect and curb wrongdoing; neglecting this responsibility is ethically improper.

Vāyudeva advises on royal policy: when a king recognizes an exemplary, fully dharmic person in his realm, he should appoint him to observe and instruct the subjects and to report whether sinful acts are occurring within the kingdom.