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Shloka 9

Udyoga Parva, Adhyaya 2 — Baladeva’s Counsel on Peace, Restitution, and Court Protocol

निवार्यमाणश्च कुरुप्रवीर: सर्वे: सुह्द्धिहायमप्यतज्ज्ञ: । स दीव्यमान: प्रतिदीव्य चैनं गान्धारराजस्य सुतं मताक्षम्‌,उत्सृज्य तान्‌ सौबलमेव चायं॑ समाह्दयत्‌ तेन जितो$क्षवत्याम्‌ । अजमीढवंशी कुरुश्रेष्ठ युधिष्ठिर जूएका खेल नहीं जानते थे। इसीलिये समस्त सुहृदोंने इन्हें मना किया था, (परंतु इन्होंने किसीकी बात नहीं मानी।) दूसरी ओर गान्धारराजका पुत्र शकुनि जूएके खेलमें निपुण था। यह जानते हुए भी ये उसीके साथ बारंबार खेलते रहे। इन्होंने कर्ण और दुर्योधनको छोड़कर शकुनिको ही अपने साथ जूआ खेलनेके लिये ललकारा था। उस सभामें दूसरे भी हजारों जुआरी मौजूद थे, जिन्हें युधिष्ठिर जीत सकते थे। परंतु उन सबको छोड़कर इन्होंने सुबलपुत्रको ही बुलाया। इसीलिये उस जूएमें इनकी हार हुई

nivāryamāṇaś ca kurupravīraḥ sarvaiḥ suhṛdbhir ayam apy atajñaḥ | sa dīvyamānaḥ pratidīvyā cainaṃ gāndhārarājasya sutaṃ matākṣam, utsṛjya tān saubalam eva cāyaṃ samāhvayat tena jito ’kṣavatyām | ajamīḍhavaṃśī kuruśreṣṭha yudhiṣṭhira jūe kā khela nahīṃ jānte the | isīliye samasta suhṛdoṃ ne inheṃ manā kiyā thā (parantu inhoṃ ne kisīkī bāt nahīṃ mānī) | dūsarī ora gāndhārarāja kā putra śakuni jūe ke khela meṃ nipuṇa thā | yah jānte hue bhī ye usī ke sātha bārambār khelte rahe | inhoṃ ne karṇa aura duryodhana ko choṛakara śakuniko hī apane sātha jūā khelane ke liye lalkārā thā | us sabhā meṃ dūsare bhī hajāroṃ juārī maujūd the, jinheṃ yudhiṣṭhira jīt sakate the | parantu un sabako choṛakara inhoṃ ne subalaputrako hī bulāyā | isīliye us jūe meṃ inakī hār huī

พระพลรามตรัสว่า “แม้บรรดามิตรผู้หวังดีทั้งปวงจะห้ามปรามแล้วก็ตาม วีรกุรุผู้เลิศนั้น—เพราะไม่รู้เรื่องนี้—ก็หาได้เชื่อฟังไม่ ครั้นการเล่นสกาเริ่มขึ้น เขาก็เล่นซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่ากับโอรสแห่งกษัตริย์คันธาระ คือศกุนีผู้ชำนาญลูกเต๋า เขาเมินผู้อื่นเสีย แล้วท้าประลองแต่สอุบละผู้เดียว ฉะนั้นบนกระดานสกานั้นเองเขาจึงพ่ายแพ้ โอ้กุรุผู้ประเสริฐ ยุธิษฐิระแห่งวงศ์อชมีฑะไม่รู้การเล่นสกา ด้วยเหตุนี้มิตรสหายจึงพยายามห้าม แต่เขาไม่ยอมฟัง ทั้งที่รู้ความเชี่ยวชาญของศกุนี เขายังเล่นกับเขาครั้งแล้วครั้งเล่า ในสภานั้นมีนักพนันอีกนับพันที่เขาอาจชนะได้ แต่เขากลับละทิ้งทั้งหมดแล้วเรียกเพียงโอรสแห่งสุพละ—จึงเป็นเหตุให้เขาแพ้ในคราวนั้น”

निवार्यमाणःbeing restrained/being dissuaded
निवार्यमाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनिवारय् (नि+√वृ/√वार् caus.)
Formpresent passive participle, masculine, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुरु-प्रवीरःthe foremost hero among the Kurus
कुरु-प्रवीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु + प्रवीर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सर्वैःby all
सर्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, plural
सुहृद्भिःby well-wishers/friends
सुहृद्भिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अतत्-ज्ञःnot knowing that (i.e., not understanding the matter)
अतत्-ज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअतत् + ज्ञ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
दीव्यमानःgambling/playing (at dice)
दीव्यमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√दिव् (to play, gamble)
Formpresent middle participle (ātmanepada sense), masculine, nominative, singular
प्रतिदीव्यhaving played in return/again (against him)
प्रतिदीव्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + √दिव्
Formabsolutive (gerund/क्त्वा-anta)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (enad-pronoun)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
गान्धार-राजस्यof the king of Gandhāra
गान्धार-राजस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धार + राजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
सुतम्son
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
मत-अक्षम्skilled/clever with dice (lit. 'having thought-out dice')
मत-अक्षम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमत + अक्ष
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
उत्सृज्यhaving left aside/abandoning
उत्सृज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउत् + √सृज्
Formabsolutive (gerund)
तान्those (others)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
सौबलम्the son of Subala (Śakuni)
सौबलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौबल (patronymic of सुबल)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
समाह्वयत्challenged/called (to play)
समाह्वयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + √ह्वे/√ह्वा
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
तेनby him/with him
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
जितःwas defeated/was won over
जितः:
TypeVerb
Root√जि
Formpast passive participle, masculine, nominative, singular
अक्षवत्याम्in the dice-game/at the gambling match
अक्षवत्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षवती
Formfeminine, locative, singular

बलदेव उवाच

B
Baladeva (Balarāma)
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
Śakuni
G
Gāndhāra
S
Subala
K
Karna
D
Duryodhana
K
Kuru dynasty
A
Ajamīḍha lineage
D
dice (akṣa)
D
dice-board/gambling hall context (akṣavatī)

Educational Q&A

Even a righteous person can fall when he ignores good counsel and enters a contest where he lacks competence and the opponent is skilled. Ethical life includes knowing one’s limits, heeding well-wishers, and avoiding addictive or deceit-prone practices like rigged gambling.

Balarāma explains why Yudhiṣṭhira lost in the dice match: despite being warned by friends, he repeatedly chose to play specifically against Śakuni (Saubala), renowned for mastery of dice, instead of playing others he might have defeated—leading to his defeat and the chain of events that intensified the Kuru crisis.