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Shloka 32

धृतराष्ट्रस्य वंशोपदेशः

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Dynastic Counsel on Legitimate Rule

राजा च क्षत्ता च महानुभावौ भीष्मे स्थिते परवन्तौ भवेताम्‌ | अयं तु धर्मज्ञतया महात्मा न कामयेद्‌ यो नृवरो नदीज:,“राजा धृतराष्ट्र और विदुर--ये दोनों महानुभाव भी भीष्मके जीते-जी पराधीन ही रहेंगे (भीष्मके रहते इन्हें राज्य लेनेका कोई अधिकार नहीं है); परंतु धर्मज्ञ होनेके कारण ये नरश्रेष्ठ महात्मा गंगानन्दन राज्य लेनेकी इच्छा ही नहीं रखते हैं

rājā ca kṣattā ca mahānubhāvau bhīṣme sthite paravantau bhavetām | ayaṃ tu dharmajñatayā mahātmā na kāmayed yo nṛvaro nadījaḥ ||

ตราบใดที่ภีษมยังมีชีวิตอยู่ ทั้งพระราชาธฤตราษฏระและกษัตตา (วิทุระ) แม้เป็นมหาบุรุษ ก็ยังต้องอยู่ในอำนาจของท่าน—ต่อหน้าท่านย่อมไม่มีช่องทางอันชอบธรรมให้รับราชสมบัติ แต่บุตรแห่งสายน้ำ ผู้เป็นคงคาธิดานันทะ มหาตมะผู้รู้ธรรม ย่อมไม่ปรารถนาราชย์เลย

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्ताthe chamberlain/counsellor (Vidura)
क्षत्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महानुभावौboth great-souled/illustrious
महानुभावौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहानुभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भीष्मेwhile Bhishma (is present/alive)
भीष्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थितेbeing present/standing (alive)
स्थिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
परवन्तौdependent (on another’s will)
परवन्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरवन्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भवेताम्would be / should be
भवेताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मज्ञतयाby (his) knowledge of dharma
धर्मज्ञतया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मज्ञता
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
महात्माthe great-souled one
महात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामयेत्would desire
कामयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकम् (कामय्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृवरःthe best of men
नृवरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृवर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नदीजःriver-born (son of the river; Bhishma, son of Ganga)
नदीजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदीज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bhīṣma
G
Gaṅgā

Educational Q&A

Legitimate authority is not merely a matter of power but of dharma and rightful order: while Bhīṣma lives, others remain constrained by his seniority and standing; yet Bhīṣma’s own dharma-knowledge expresses itself as restraint—he does not covet kingship.

Vidura is characterizing the political reality at Hastināpura: Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Vidura, despite their eminence, remain effectively under Bhīṣma’s overriding authority. He then highlights Bhīṣma’s ethical stature—though capable, he does not wish to seize rule.