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Shloka 19

दुर्ग-निवेश-राजधर्मः | Fortified Capital and the King’s Residential Polity

Rājadharma

बाह्ुमा भ्यन्तरं चैव पौरजानपदं तथा । चारै: सुविदितं कृत्वा ततः कर्म प्रयोजयेत्‌,गुप्तचरोंद्वारा नगर तथा छोटे ग्रामोंक बाहटी और भीतरी समाचारोंको अच्छी तरह जानकर फिर उसके अनुसार कार्य करे

bāhyam ābhyantaraṃ caiva paurajānapadaṃ tathā | cāraiḥ suviditaṃ kṛtvā tataḥ karma prayojayet ||

เมื่อทรงสืบทราบโดยถี่ถ้วนด้วยสายลับถึงสภาพภายนอกและภายใน ตลอดจนความเป็นไปของชาวเมืองและชาวชนบทแล้ว พระราชาพึงดำเนินนโยบายและการงานทั้งปวงให้สอดคล้องตามนั้น

बाह्यंexternal (matters/news)
बाह्यं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबाह्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अभ्यन्तरंinternal (matters/news)
अभ्यन्तरं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअभ्यन्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पौर-जानपदंurban and rural (i.e., of townspeople and countryfolk)
पौर-जानपदं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपौरजानपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
चारैःby spies/agents
चारैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सुविदितंwell-known/clearly ascertained
सुविदितं:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-विदित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made (it)/having ascertained
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
कर्मaction/measure
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रयोजयेत्should employ/should set in motion
प्रयोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-युज्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Present-system, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
cāra (spies/agents)
P
paura (townspeople)
J
jānapada (rural populace/subjects)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should not act on impulse or hearsay; after carefully verifying both external and internal conditions—especially the sentiments of urban and rural subjects—through reliable intelligence, he should implement actions that fit the realities on the ground.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma advises the king on practical governance: first gather accurate information via spies about the realm’s internal/external situation and the people’s condition, and only then proceed with administrative or political action.