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Shloka 33

अध्याय ७२ — राजधर्मः: प्रजारक्षण, कर-नीति, दण्ड-नीति, अमात्य-नियोजन

Chapter 72 — Royal Duty: protection of subjects, taxation, punishment, and appointments

तस्माद्‌ राजैव नान्यो<स्ति यो धर्मफलमाप्नुयात्‌ । स राज्यं धृतिमान्‌ प्राप्य धर्मेण परिपालय । इन्द्र तर्पप सोमेन कामैश्न सुहदो जनान्‌,इसलिये धर्मात्मा राजा ही ऐसे धर्मका फल पाता है, दूसरा नहीं। तुम धैर्यवान्‌ तो हो ही। यह राज्य पाकर धर्मपूर्वक प्रजाका पालन करो। यज्ञमें सोमरसरुद्वारा इन्द्रको तृप्त करो और मनोवांछित वस्तु प्रदान करके सुहृदोंको संतुष्ट करो

tasmād rājāiva nānyo 'sti yo dharmaphalam āpnuyāt | sa rājyaṁ dhṛtimān prāpya dharmeṇa paripālaya | indraṁ tarpay somena kāmaiś ca suhṛdo janān ||

ฉะนั้น ผู้ที่จะได้ผลแห่งธรรมโดยแท้ย่อมเป็นกษัตริย์เท่านั้น มิใช่ผู้อื่น เมื่อได้ราชสมบัติแล้ว และมีความแน่วแน่มั่นคง จงคุ้มครองและปกครองประชาชนตามทางแห่งธรรม จงบูชาให้พระอินทร์อิ่มเอมด้วยโสมในพิธียัญ และจงยังมิตรสหายกับพันธมิตรให้ยินดีด้วยการประทานสิ่งอันพึงปรารถนา

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यःanother (person)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मफलम्fruit of dharma
धर्मफलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आप्नुयात्may obtain
आप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormOptative (Potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom/rule
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धृतिमान्steadfast/patient
धृतिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधृतिमत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
धर्मेणby/through dharma; righteously
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परिपालयprotect/govern
परिपालय:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-पाल्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
TypeNoun (Vocative)
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तर्पयsatisfy (cause to be pleased)
तर्पय:
TypeVerb
Rootतृप्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, true
सोमेनwith Soma (juice)
सोमेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कामैःwith desired things/boons
कामैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सुहृदःfriends/well-wishers
सुहृदः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुहृद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
जनान्people
जनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (the ruler being instructed)
I
Indra
S
Soma
S
Suhṛd (friends/allies)
P
People/subjects (janāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that the king uniquely gains the fruit of dharma because his role directly sustains society. Therefore, sovereignty must be exercised with fortitude and strict adherence to dharma—protecting subjects, maintaining order, and fulfilling both sacred (yajña/offerings) and social obligations (supporting allies and well-wishers).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, Bhishma addresses the ruler (traditionally Yudhiṣṭhira) and urges him to govern righteously after attaining the kingdom: protect the people, perform sacrifices that honor the gods (Indra with Soma), and keep allies content by granting appropriate rewards.