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Shloka 78

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

स्वाम्ये प्रयत्नं कुर्वन्ति त्रयो वर्णा यथाविधि । तस्मादेव मनुष्याणां सुखं विद्धि समाहितम्‌

svāmye prayatnaṃ kurvanti trayo varṇā yathāvidhi | tasmād eva manuṣyāṇāṃ sukhaṃ viddhi samāhitam |

“วรรณะทวิชาทั้งสามย่อมเพียรตามแบบแผนในการพิทักษ์ความผาสุกและสภาพอันสมควรของตน เพราะฉะนั้นพึงรู้เถิดว่า ความสุขของมนุษย์ตั้งมั่นอย่างแน่นแฟ้นอยู่ในความเป็นระเบียบนี้เอง—เมื่อภายใต้การปกครองที่เข้มแข็ง ผู้คนดำรงมั่นในธรรมและหน้าที่ของตน”

स्वाम्येin sovereignty / in lordship (i.e., in the matter of rule)
स्वाम्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाम्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रयत्नम्effort
प्रयत्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रयत्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्तिdo / make
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णाःsocial classes (varṇas)
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas / according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
विधिrule / prescribed manner
विधि:
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore / from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मनुष्याणाम्of humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सुखम्happiness / welfare
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विद्धिknow (you should know)
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
समाहितम्well-established / secured / properly arranged
समाहितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
T
trayo varṇāḥ (three varnas)

Educational Q&A

Happiness and social stability arise when people follow prescribed duties within their proper social roles, supported by orderly governance; such disciplined adherence makes well-being ‘firmly established’ in society.

In the Shanti Parva dialogue on kingship and social order, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira that effective rule and adherence to dharma keep society secure and functional, enabling the (three) varnas to pursue their well-being properly.