Shloka 20

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

Devanagari script

अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधो वृत्तिदायानुपालनम्‌ | भरणं पुत्रदाराणां शौचमद्रोह एव च

Transliteration

ahiṃsā satyam akrodho vṛttidāyānupālanam | bharaṇaṃ putradārāṇāṃ śaucam adroha eva ca ||

Translation

อหิงสา ความสัตย์ ความไม่โกรธ การพิทักษ์ส่วนที่กำหนดไว้เพื่อเลี้ยงชีพและส่วนอันชอบธรรมของตน (รวมทั้งมรดก) การเลี้ยงดูภรรยาและบุตร ความสะอาดทั้งภายนอกและภายใน และการละทิ้งความพยาบาท—เหล่านี้คือธรรมะร่วมที่ผูกพันคนทั้งปวง

Word by Word

• अहिंसा: non-violence
• अहिंसा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहिंसा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अक्रोधः: absence of anger
• अक्रोधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वृत्ति: livelihood; means of living
• वृत्ति: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• दाय: inheritance; share
• दाय: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अनुपालनम्: protection; maintenance; observance
• अनुपालनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुपालन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• भरणम्: support; maintenance
• भरणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• पुत्र: of sons
• पुत्र: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• दाराणाम्: of wives
• दाराणाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दार
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• शौचम्: purity; cleanliness
• शौचम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शौच
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अद्रोहः: absence of malice; non-treachery
• अद्रोहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रोह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

इन्द्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Indra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines a set of universal ethical duties: non-violence, truth, freedom from anger, protecting one’s rightful livelihood and inheritance, supporting one’s family, maintaining purity, and abandoning malice—presented as dharma applicable to all.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Indra speaks as an authoritative teacher, listing foundational virtues and household responsibilities as a concise statement of common dharma.