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Shloka 40

Āścarya-kathana: Brāhmaṇa–Nāga Dialogue on Sūrya (Vivasvat) and the ‘Second Sun’ Phenomenon

सनत्कुमारो भगवांस्तत: प्राधीतवान्‌ नूप

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: Sanatkumāro bhagavāṁs tataḥ prādhītavān, nṛpa naraśvara! tatpaścāt bhagavān Sanatkumāraḥ tebhyaḥ taṁ Sātvata-dharma-upadeśaṁ gṛhītavān. Kuruśreṣṭha! Sanatkumārāt vīraḥ Prajāpatiḥ Kṛtayugasya ādau asya dharmasya upadeśaṁ gṛhītavān.

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า: “แล้วต่อมา ข้าแต่มหาราชา พระสันตกุมารผู้เป็นผู้เจริญได้ศึกษาเล่าเรียนธรรมนั้นโดยสมควร ครั้นแล้วพระสันตกุมารผู้ควรเคารพก็ได้รับคำสั่งสอนแห่งสาตวตธรรมจากพวกเขา โอ ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งวงศ์กุรุ ในปฐมกาลแห่งกฤตยุค ประชาบดีผู้กล้าหาญได้รับคำสอนแห่งธรรมนี้จากพระสันตกุมาร”

सनत्कुमारःSanatkumara
सनत्कुमारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसनत्कुमार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भगवान्the Blessed/Lordly one
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्राधीतवान्studied/learned (has studied)
प्राधीतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अधी)
FormPeriphrastic perfect (लिट्-परस्मैपदभावः, क्तवत्), Third, Singular, Masculine
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेश्वरO lord of men
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनर-ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that (teaching/doctrine)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
भगवान्the Blessed one
भगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सनत्कुमारःSanatkumara
सनत्कुमारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसनत्कुमार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेभ्यःfrom them
तेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Plural
सात्वत-धर्मम्the Sātvata-dharma (doctrine of the Sātvatas)
सात्वत-धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्वत-धर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपदेशम्instruction/teaching
उपदेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपदेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गृहीतवान्received/accepted (has received)
गृहीतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormPeriphrastic perfect (लिट्-परस्मैपदभावः, क्तवत्), Third, Singular, Masculine
कुरुश्रेष्ठO best of the Kurus
कुरुश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सनत्कुमारात्from Sanatkumara
सनत्कुमारात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसनत्कुमार
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
वीरणःVīraṇa (a proper name)
वीरणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीरण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजापतिःPrajāpati
प्रजापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजापति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतयुगस्यof the Kṛta-yuga
कृतयुगस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकृतयुग
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
आदौat the beginning
आदौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआदि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्यof this
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
धर्मस्यof the dharma
धर्मस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपदेशम्instruction/teaching
उपदेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपदेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गृहीतवान्received/accepted (has received)
गृहीतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormPeriphrastic perfect (लिट्-परस्मैपदभावः, क्तवत्), Third, Singular, Masculine

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Sanatkumāra
P
Prajāpati
K
Kṛtayuga
S
Sātvata-dharma
K
Kuru (as lineage implied by 'Kuruśreṣṭha')

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes the legitimacy of Sātvata-dharma by tracing its authoritative transmission: a revered sage (Sanatkumāra) learns and receives the doctrine properly, and then a primordial progenitor (Prajāpati) receives it at the dawn of the Kṛta age. The ethical point is that dharma is preserved through disciplined learning and faithful handing down from qualified teachers.

Vaiśampāyana, as narrator, describes a lineage of instruction: Sanatkumāra first masters the teaching, then formally receives the Sātvata-dharma instruction, and finally Prajāpati receives that same dharma from Sanatkumāra at the beginning of the first yuga, establishing an ancient pedigree for the doctrine.