Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 42

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

(सूर्यमव्यक्तमित्युक्तमतिसूर्यस्तु निष्कल: । अविद्या प्रकृतिज्ञेया विद्या पुरुष उच्यते ।।

yājñavalkya uvāca |

(sūryam avyaktam ity uktam ati-sūryas tu niṣkalaḥ |

avidyā prakṛtir jñeyā vidyā puruṣa ucyate ||)

tathaivāvedyam avyaktam vedyaḥ puruṣa ucyate |

calācalam iti proktaṃ tvayā vā tad api me śṛṇu ||

ยาชญวลกยะกล่าวว่า “หลักอันไม่ปรากฏถูกเรียกว่า ‘ดวงอาทิตย์’ แต่ความจริงอันเป็นนิษกละและนิรคุณถูกเรียกว่า ‘เหนือดวงอาทิตย์’ จงรู้ว่าปรกฤติคืออวิทยา และปุรุษคือวิทยา เช่นเดียวกัน อวิยักตะถูกกล่าวว่า ‘ไม่อาจรู้ได้’ ส่วนปุรุษถูกเรียกว่า ‘อาจรู้ได้’ และเรื่องที่เจ้าถามถึงสิ่งที่เคลื่อนไหวกับสิ่งที่ไม่เคลื่อนไหว จงฟังคำตอบนั้นด้วย”

सूर्यम्the sun (as object of saying)
सूर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्unmanifest
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्तम्is said/has been said
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (participial)
अतिसूर्यःthe 'beyond-sun' (supersun)
अतिसूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निष्कलःpartless, without divisions
निष्कलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अविद्याignorance
अविद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकृतिःPrakriti, nature
प्रकृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयाis to be known/should be understood
ज्ञेया:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formयत् (gerundive), Feminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (obligative)
विद्याknowledge
विद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःPurusha, spirit/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called/is said
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Passive, Third, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अवेद्यम्unknowable
अवेद्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवेद्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्unmanifest
अव्यक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
वेद्यःknowable
वेद्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवेद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःPurusha
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Indicative, Passive, Third, Singular
चलmoving
चल:
TypeAdjective
Rootचल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अचलम्unmoving
अचलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअचल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्रोक्तम्has been stated
प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Passive (participial)
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मेto me/for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
शृणुhear (listen)
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPresent, Imperative, Parasmaipada, Second, Singular

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
S
Sūrya (as metaphor)
P
Prakṛti
P
Puruṣa

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two principles: Prakṛti, identified with avidyā (ignorance) and the unmanifest basis of change, and Puruṣa, identified with vidyā (knowledge) as the knowable conscious reality. It uses metaphors (‘sun’ and ‘beyond-sun’) to indicate levels of subtlety and transcendence, pointing toward liberation through right discernment.

In the Śānti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Yājñavalkya answers a questioner by defining key metaphysical categories—unmanifest nature and conscious self—and then signals that he will proceed to explain the distinction between the moving and the unmoving.