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Shloka 29

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

ज्ञान ज्ञेयं तथा ज्ञो$ज्ञ: कस्तपा अतपास्तथा | सूर्याति सूर्य इति च विद्याविद्ये तथैव च

jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ tathā jño ’jñaḥ kas tapā atapās tathā | sūryāti-sūrya iti ca vidyāvidye tathaiva ca ||

ยาชญวลกยะกล่าวว่า— “(ท่านถามว่า) อะไรคือญาณ และอะไรคือสิ่งอันพึงรู้? ผู้รู้คือผู้ใด และผู้เขลาคือผู้ใด? ผู้มีตบะโดยแท้คือผู้ใด และผู้ไร้ตบะคือผู้ใด? ผู้ใดคือ ‘สุริยะ’ และผู้ใดคือ ‘เหนือสุริยะ’? อีกทั้ง วิทยา คืออะไร และ อวิทยา คืออะไร?”

ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञेयम्that which is to be known
ज्ञेयम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञेय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
ज्ञःthe knower
ज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अज्ञःthe ignorant (one who does not know)
अज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपाःan ascetic; one possessing tapas
तपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतपाःone without tapas; non-ascetic
अतपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतपस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सूर्यःthe sun
सूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिसूर्यःthe super-sun; one beyond/above the sun
अतिसूर्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतिसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; as (it is) said
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विद्याknowledge; learning
विद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अविद्याignorance; nescience
अविद्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a systematic set of philosophical distinctions—knowledge/knowable, knower/ignorant, true austerity/false austerity, and vidyā/avidyā—implying that ethical and spiritual progress depends on correct discernment of these categories.

Yājñavalkya is responding in a didactic setting within Śānti Parva, restating a sequence of questions that guide the forthcoming explanation of metaphysical and ethical fundamentals.