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Shloka 19

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

मिषतो देवलस्यापि ततो<र्ध हृतवानहम्‌ । स्ववेददक्षिणायार्थे विमर्दे मातुलेन ह

miṣato devalasyāpi tato 'rdhaṃ hṛtavān aham | svavedadakṣiṇāyārthe vimarde mātulena ha ||

ยาชญวลกยะกล่าวว่า “แม้ฤๅษีเทวละจะมองอยู่ต่อหน้า ข้าก็ยังถือเอาดักษิณาครึ่งหนึ่งไว้กับตน เพื่อเป็นค่าครูเวทของข้าเอง และเพราะลุงฝ่ายมารดาเร่งรัดคะยั้นคะยออย่างหนัก ข้าจึงมอบดักษิณาครึ่งหนึ่งให้เขา และเก็บอีกครึ่งหนึ่งไว้”

मिषतःwhile (he) was looking; in the presence of
मिषतः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमिषत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
देवलस्यof Devala
देवलस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अर्धम्half
अर्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हृतवान्took/appropriated
हृतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormPerfect (periphrastic), First, Singular, Masculine
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्ववेददक्षिणायfor (my) Veda-fee (dakṣiṇā)
स्ववेददक्षिणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootस्ववेददक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Dative, Singular
अर्थेfor the purpose; in the matter
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विमर्देin the pressing/insistence; in the dispute
विमर्दे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविमर्द
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मातुलेनby the maternal uncle
मातुलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमातुल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
indeed/for emphasis
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
D
Devala
M
mātula (maternal uncle)
D
dakṣiṇā (Vedic fee/gift)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds ethical conflict: fulfilling one’s legitimate obligation (guru-dakṣiṇā for one’s own Vedic study) can be complicated by improper claims and social pressure. It implicitly warns that even a seemingly practical compromise—splitting a gift—may be morally questionable when it violates the integrity of what should be offered wholly and transparently.

Yājñavalkya recounts an incident involving the sage Devala and his maternal uncle. Under the uncle’s insistent urging, and even in Devala’s presence, Yājñavalkya divides the dakṣiṇā: he gives half to the uncle and keeps half for his own Vedic teacher’s fee.