Shloka 20

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

Devanagari script

नाहं शप्त: प्रतिशपामि कंचिद्‌ दम द्वारं हामृतस्येह वेझि । गुहां ब्रह्म तदिदं ब्रवीमि न मानुषाच्छेछतरं हि किंचित्‌,कोई मुझे शाप दे दे तो भी मैं बदलेमें उसे शाप नहीं देता। इन्द्रियसंयमको ही मोक्षका द्वार मानता हूँ। इस समय तुमलोगोंको एक बहुत गुप्त बात बता रहा हूँ, सुनो। मनुष्ययोनिसे बढ़कर कोई उत्तम योनि नहीं है

Transliteration

nāhaṁ śaptaḥ pratiśapāmi kañcid dama-dvāraṁ hy amṛtasyeha viddhi | guhāṁ brahma tad idaṁ bravīmi na mānuṣāc chreṣṭhataraṁ hi kiñcit ||

Translation

หงส์กล่าวว่า “แม้ผู้ใดจะสาปเรา เราก็มิได้สาปตอบผู้ใด จงรู้เถิดว่า การสำรวมอินทรีย์คือประตูสู่อมฤตภาพ (โมกษะ) บัดนี้เราจะบอกความจริงอันลี้ลับยิ่งแก่พวกเจ้า—ไม่มีสิ่งใดประเสริฐยิ่งกว่าสภาพแห่งความเป็นมนุษย์”

Word by Word

• {'nāham': 'I do not', 'śaptaḥ': 'cursed', 'pratiśapāmi': 'I curse in return

• I counter-curse', 'kañcit': 'anyone', 'dama': 'self-control

• restraint of the senses and mind', 'dvāram': 'door

• gateway', 'amṛtasya': 'of immortality

• of the deathless state (mokṣa)', 'iha': 'here

• in this world/teaching context', 'viddhi': 'know

• understand', 'guhām': 'a secret

• hidden teaching', 'brahma': 'Brahman

• the Absolute reality', 'tad idam': 'this very (truth)', 'bravīmi': 'I say

• I declare', 'mānuṣāt': 'than the human (state/birth)', 'śreṣṭhataraṁ': 'more excellent

• superior', 'hi': 'indeed', 'kiñcit': 'anything'}

Speaker

हंस उवाच

Characters & Entities

• हंस (Haṁsa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Do not retaliate with harm even when harmed; cultivate dama (self-restraint), because mastery of the senses and mind is presented as the doorway to amṛtatva—liberation. The verse also elevates human birth as uniquely suited for realizing Brahman.

What is happening in the narrative?

In a didactic setting within Śānti Parva, the Haṁsa speaks as a spiritual instructor, declaring a personal ethic of non-retaliation, then revealing a ‘secret’ doctrinal point: self-control leads to immortality (mokṣa), and the human state is the most advantageous for this pursuit.