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Shloka 15

कपिलगोसंवादे गृहस्थ-त्यागधर्मयोः प्रमाण्यविचारः

Kapila–Cow Dialogue: Authority of Householder and Renunciant Dharmas

वने तपस्यतिष्ठत्‌ स न च धर्ममवैक्षत । वर्षास्वाकाशशायी च हेमन्ते जलसंश्रय:

vane tapasyatiṣṭhat sa na ca dharmam avaikṣata | varṣāsv ākāśaśāyī ca hemante jalasaṃśrayaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—เขาพำนักอยู่ในป่า ตั้งมั่นในตบะ แต่กลับไม่หยั่งรู้ธรรมอันแท้จริง ครั้นถึงฤดูฝนเขานอนใต้ฟ้าโล่ง และเมื่อฤดูหนาวมาเยือน เขากลับอาศัยน้ำเป็นที่พึ่ง

वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तपस्यin austerity/penance
तपस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तिष्ठत्standing/remaining
तिष्ठत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धर्मम्dharma/righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अवैक्षतdid not look at/observe
अवैक्षत:
TypeVerb
Rootईक्ष्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active, अव
वर्षासुin the rainy seasons (during rains)
वर्षासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्षा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
आकाशशायीone who lies/sleeps in the open sky
आकाशशायी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआकाशशायिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हेमन्तेin winter
हेमन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहेमन्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जलसंश्रयःone who resorts to water (dwells in/near water)
जलसंश्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजलसंश्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Austerity by itself is not sufficient; without clear perception of dharma (moral discernment and right purpose), even extreme ascetic practices can be spiritually and ethically hollow.

Bhīṣma describes an ascetic who performs harsh seasonal austerities—sleeping under the open sky in the rains and immersing in water in winter—yet fails to grasp or follow dharma, highlighting the gap between external practice and inner ethical understanding.