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Shloka 11

धर्मलक्षण-प्रश्नः (Marks and Sources of Dharma) | Chapter 251: Inquiry into the Definition of Dharma

एकादशस्त्वनन्तात्मा स सर्व: पर उच्यते | व्यवसायात्तमिका बुद्धिर्मनो व्याकरणात्मकम्‌ | कर्मानुमानादू विज्ञेय: स जीव: क्षेत्रसंज़्क:

ekādaśas tv anantātmā sa sarvaḥ para ucyate | vyavasāyātmikā buddhir mano vyākaraṇātmakam | karmānumānād u vijñeyaḥ sa jīvaḥ kṣetrajña-saṃjñakaḥ avināśī ātmā ||

วยาสกล่าวว่า “ตัตตวะที่สิบเอ็ดคืออาตมันอันอนันต์ เป็นสภาวะครอบคลุมสรรพสิ่งและเป็นยอดยิ่ง บุดธิเป็นธรรมชาติแห่งการตัดสินแน่วแน่ ส่วนมนัสเป็นหลักแห่งการวิเคราะห์จึงหวั่นไหวด้วยความสงสัย จากการอนุมานด้วยกรรม—เพราะการกระทำย่อมต้องมีผู้รู้และผู้กระทำ—พึงเข้าใจว่ามีอาตมันอันไม่สูญสลาย คือชีวะผู้มีนามว่า ‘กษेत्रชญะ’ (ผู้รู้แห่งสนาม/กาย)”

एकादशःthe eleventh
एकादशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएकादश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अनन्तात्माthe infinite-self (one whose self is endless)
अनन्तात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनन्तात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वःall; the all (as a whole)
सर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परःsupreme; higher
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
व्यवसायात्from determination/decisive resolve
व्यवसायात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवसाय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
आत्मिकाhaving the nature (of); consisting in
आत्मिका:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मिक
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
व्याकरणात्मकम्of the nature of analysis/discrimination (lit. grammatical/analytical)
व्याकरणात्मकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्याकरणात्मक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कर्मby action; through action
कर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अनुमानात्from inference
अनुमानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनुमान
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
indeed/also (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विज्ञेयःto be known; should be understood
विज्ञेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-ज्ञा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (तव्य/यत् sense: 'to be known')
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवःthe living being (jīva)
जीवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षेत्रसंज्ञःcalled 'kṣetra' / having the designation 'kṣetra' (i.e., kṣetrajña-context epithet)
क्षेत्रसंज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षेत्रसंज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अविनाशीimperishable
अविनाशी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअविनाशिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself; soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Ā
Ātman
J
Jīva
K
Kṣetrajña
B
Buddhi
M
Manas
K
Karma

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes buddhi (decisive intellect) from manas (analytical, doubt-prone mind) and argues that action implies a conscious knower and agent; therefore an imperishable Self exists, called the kṣetrajña (knower of the field/body).

In the didactic discourse of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa continues a philosophical exposition on principles (tattvas), identifying the supreme eleventh principle as the infinite Self and explaining how reasoning from karma supports recognition of the kṣetrajña.