Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 22

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

दुःखमेवास्ति न सुखं तस्मात्‌ तदुपलभ्यते । तृष्णार्तिप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखार्तिप्रभवं सुखम्‌,'संसारमें केवल दुःख ही है, सुख नहीं, अतः दुःख ही उपलब्ध होता है। तृष्णाजनित पीड़ासे दु:ख और दुःखकी पीड़ासे सुख होता है अर्थात्‌ दुःखसे आर्त हुए मनुष्यको ही उसके न रहनेपर सुखकी प्रतीति होती है

duḥkham evāsti na sukhaṃ tasmāt tad upalabhyate | tṛṣṇārtiprabhavaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkhārtiprabhavaṃ sukham ||

ในความเป็นอยู่แห่งโลกนี้ แท้จริงมีแต่ทุกข์ มิใช่สุขอันแท้; เพราะฉะนั้นสิ่งที่ประสบจึงเป็นทุกข์ ทุกข์เกิดจากความเจ็บปวดอันเกิดแต่ตัณหา และสิ่งที่เรียกว่า ‘สุข’ เกิดจากความเจ็บปวดแห่งทุกข์—เมื่อผู้ใดถูกทุกข์บีบคั้นแล้ว เพียงความไม่มีทุกข์นั้นก็ถูกรู้สึกว่าเป็นสุข

दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अस्तिis, exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखम्happiness, pleasure
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
तत्that (i.e., that sorrow)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपलभ्यतेis obtained, is experienced
उपलभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ्
FormPresent Indicative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)
तृष्णाby craving, by thirst (desire)
तृष्णा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतृष्णा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
आर्तिby pain, distress
आर्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभवम्arising from, originating in
प्रभवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखby sorrow
दुःख:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आर्तिby distress
आर्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रभवम्arising from
प्रभवम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रभव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that in saṃsāra what people call ‘happiness’ is mostly relief: craving (tṛṣṇā) produces distress and suffering, and when suffering subsides one mistakes that cessation for happiness. Ethically, it points toward reducing craving and cultivating detachment as a path to steadier well-being.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and right living after the war, Vyāsa delivers a reflective teaching on the nature of worldly experience, analyzing why beings repeatedly encounter suffering and why ordinary happiness is often only the temporary easing of pain.