Shloka 4

Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)

Devanagari script

पौरुषं कारणं केचिदाहु: कर्मसु मानवा: । दैवमेके प्रशंसन्ति स्वभावमपरे जना:

Transliteration

pauruṣaṃ kāraṇaṃ kecid āhuḥ karmasu mānavāḥ | daivam eke praśaṃsanti svabhāvam apare janāḥ ||

Translation

วยาสะกล่าวว่า บางคนกล่าวว่าความเพียรของมนุษย์เป็นเหตุชี้ขาดแห่งการกระทำ บางคนสรรเสริญทวยเทพ/ชะตากรรม (ไทวะ) และบางคนยกย่องสวภาวะของตนว่าเป็นปัจจัยครอบงำ

Word by Word

• पौरुषम्: human effort, manly exertion
• पौरुषम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौरुष
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• कारणम्: cause
• कारणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• केचित्: some (people)
• केचित्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क-चित्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• आहुः: say, declare
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• कर्मसु: in actions, in deeds
• कर्मसु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• मानवाः: men, humans
• मानवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दैवम्: fate, destiny, divine dispensation
• दैवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एके: some (others)
• एके: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रशंसन्ति: praise, extol
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-शंस्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• स्वभावम्: one's own nature, inherent disposition
• स्वभावम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वभाव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अपर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• mānavāḥ (human beings)