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Shloka 2

Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Ātma-saṃyama (Marks of Social Conduct and Self-Restraint) | वर्णलक्षणम् एवं आत्मसंयमः

भीष्म उवाच आत्मनानर्थयुक्तेन पापे निविशते मन: । स्वकर्मकलुषं कृत्वा कृच्छे लोके विधीयते

bhīṣma uvāca ātmanānarthayuktena pāpe niviśate manaḥ | svakarmakaluṣaṃ kṛtvā kṛcchre loke vidhīyate ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา! เมื่ออาตมันข้องเกี่ยวกับสิ่งอันเป็นโทษ ถูกขับเคลื่อนด้วยกิเลสอย่างกามและโทสะ ใจก็ย่อมตกลงสู่บาป ครั้นทำตนให้มัวหมองด้วยกรรมของตนเองแล้ว บุคคลนั้นย่อมถูกกำหนดให้ไปสู่โลกแห่งความคับแค้นและทุกข์ระทม”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
आत्मनाby oneself / by the self
आत्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अनर्थयुक्तेनendowed with evil/purposelessness
अनर्थयुक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनर्थयुक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पापेin sin / in sinful act
पापे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
निविशतेenters, becomes engaged
निविशते:
TypeVerb
Rootविश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्वकर्मकलुषम्the impurity of one's own actions
स्वकर्मकलुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मकलुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done / having made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
कृच्छेin distress / in hardship
कृच्छे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
लोकेin the world (state of existence)
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विधीयतेis placed/ordained; is made to be
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (वि + धा)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
mind (manaḥ)
S
sin (pāpa)
W
world of hardship (kṛcchra-loka)

Educational Q&A

The mind falls into sinful action when the person aligns with harmful impulses (like desire and anger). Because karma is self-made, the resulting suffering is also self-incurred: one’s own deeds lead one into a painful state of existence.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma continues advising the king (Yudhishthira) about ethical causality: inner faults corrupt the mind, and actions born from that corruption bring inevitable suffering.