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Shloka 4

Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa

एते प्रमत्तं पुरुषमप्रमत्तास्तुदन्ति च । वृका इव विलुम्पन्ति दृष्टवैव पुरुषं बलात्‌

ete pramattaṃ puruṣam apramattās tudanti ca | vṛkā iva vilumpanti dṛṣṭvaiva puruṣaṃ balāt |

โทษเหล่านี้เองที่คอยตื่นตัวอยู่เสมอ จะทรมานผู้ที่ตกอยู่ในความประมาท ครั้นเห็นมนุษย์เมื่อใด ก็เหมือนหมาป่าที่กระโจนเข้าหาด้วยกำลัง แล้วปล้นชิงอย่างรุนแรง

एतेthese (people)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रमत्तम्heedless, negligent
प्रमत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्रमत्ताःvigilant, not negligent
अप्रमत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुदन्तिthey strike, torment
तुदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतुद्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृकाःwolves
वृकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
विलुम्पन्तिthey plunder, tear apart
विलुम्पन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-लुप्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरुषम्a man, the person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलात्by force, forcibly
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
W
wolves (vṛkāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Heedlessness (pramāda) makes a person an easy target for harm and exploitation; therefore one should cultivate constant vigilance and self-restraint (apramāda) as a practical foundation of dharma.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction in the Śānti Parva, he uses a vivid simile: watchful people (or forces) attack the negligent person the way wolves pounce on prey, emphasizing the real-world consequences of carelessness.