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Shloka 49

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

ब्रह्मदत्त तवाच कालेन क्रियते कार्य तथैव विविधा: क्रिया: । कालेनैते प्रवर्तन्ते कः कस्येहापराध्यति

brahmadatta uvāca | kālena kriyate kāryaṃ tathaiva vividhāḥ kriyāḥ | kālenaite pravartante kaḥ kasyehāparādhyati ||

พรหมทัตตรัสว่า “ด้วยกาล งานที่พึงทำย่อมสำเร็จ; และด้วยกาล กิจการนานาประการย่อมบังเกิดขึ้น สิ่งเหล่านี้ล้วนถูกกาลขับเคลื่อน—ดังนั้นในโลกนี้ ใครเล่าจะกล่าวได้ว่าใครทำผิดต่อใคร”

ब्रह्मदत्तO Brahmadatta
ब्रह्मदत्त:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मदत्त
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कालेनby time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
क्रियतेis done/is brought about
क्रियते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
कार्यthe act/task (to be done)
कार्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विविधाःvarious
विविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
क्रियाःactions
क्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
कालेनby time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रवर्तन्तेproceed/come into operation
प्रवर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रवृत्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कस्यof whom/to whom
कस्य:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
इहhere/in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
अपराध्यतिoffends/commits a fault against
अपराध्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootअपराध्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

ब्रह्मदत्त (Brahmadatta)
काल (Kāla, Time)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes the overpowering role of Kāla (Time) in bringing actions and outcomes to fruition, thereby questioning simplistic blame: if events unfold under the compulsion of Time, moral judgment should be tempered with insight into causality, inevitability, and the limits of individual control.

Brahmadatta is speaking in a reflective, didactic mode, interpreting human actions and conflicts through the lens of Kāla. He argues that diverse actions and their consequences are propelled by Time, leading to the rhetorical question of who can be singled out as the offender in worldly disputes.