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Shloka 102

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

दत्त्वाभयं स्वयं राजा प्रमाणं कुरुते यदि । स सर्वसुखकृज्ज्ञेय: प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन्‌

dattvābhayaṁ svayaṁ rājā pramāṇaṁ kurute yadi | sa sarvasukhakṛj jñeyaḥ prajā dharmeṇa pālayan ||

หากพระราชาทรงประทานความไร้ภัยแก่ปวงประชาด้วยพระองค์เอง แล้วทรงตั้งพระจริยวัตรของพระองค์เป็นบรรทัดฐาน และทรงอภิบาลประชาราษฎร์ตามธรรมะ พึงทราบว่าพระองค์เป็นผู้ก่อให้เกิดความผาสุกแก่สรรพชน

दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
अभयम्fearlessness, security
अभयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभय
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
स्वयम्himself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रमाणम्authority, standard, proof
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
कुरुतेmakes, establishes
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (करणे)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सर्वसुखकृत्maker of all happiness (benefactor)
सर्वसुखकृत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वसुखकृत्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
ज्ञेयःis to be known (as)
ज्ञेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (अवबोधने)
Formयत् (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
धर्मेणby righteousness, according to dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
पालयन्protecting, governing
पालयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (रक्षणे)
Formशतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

B
Brahmadatta
R
rājā (the king)
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)
D
dharma

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy rests on granting security and embodying dharma personally; when the king’s own conduct becomes the standard and he protects the people righteously, he becomes a source of welfare for all.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on royal duty (rājadharma), Brahmadatta states a criterion for ideal kingship: the king must first assure fearlessness to the populace and then govern as a living example of dharma while protecting his subjects.