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Shloka 23

आपद्धर्मे राज्ञः नीतिः — Bharadvāja’s Counsel on Crisis-Statecraft (Śānti Parva 138)

एतौ धर्मार्थशास्त्रेषु मोक्षशास्त्रेषु चर्षिभि: । प्रधानाविति निर्दिष्टी कामे चाभिमतौ नृणाम्‌,ऋषियोंने धर्मशास्त्र, अर्थशास्त्र तथा मोक्षशास्त्रमें इन देश और कालको ही कार्य- सिद्धिका प्रधान उपाय बताया है। मनुष्योंकी कामना-सिद्धिमें भी ये देश और काल ही प्रधान माने गये हैं

etau dharmārthaśāstreṣu mokṣaśāstreṣu carṣibhiḥ | pradhānāv iti nirdiṣṭī kāme cābhimatau nṛṇām ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ในคัมภีร์ว่าด้วยธรรมและอรรถ ตลอดจนคำสอนว่าด้วยโมกษะ เหล่าฤษีได้ชี้ว่า ‘เทศ’ และ ‘กาล’ สองประการนี้เป็นปัจจัยสำคัญยิ่ง. แม้ในการบรรลุความปรารถนาของมนุษย์ ก็ถือว่าสองสิ่งนี้เป็นเครื่องมือหลัก.

एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
धर्मार्थशास्त्रेषुin the treatises on dharma and artha
धर्मार्थशास्त्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मार्थशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
मोक्षशास्त्रेषुin the treatises on liberation
मोक्षशास्त्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्षशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ऋषिभिःby sages
ऋषिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
प्रधानौas the chief (two)
प्रधानौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निर्दिष्टौdesignated/indicated
निर्दिष्टौ:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्दिश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Dual, Passive (participial)
कामेin (matters of) desire
कामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
also/and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिमतौapproved/held to be (two)
अभिमतौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिमत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
ṛṣis (sages)

Educational Q&A

That successful action and right judgment depend chiefly on two contextual determinants—place and time (deśa and kāla). Sages treat them as primary across dharma, artha, and mokṣa teachings, and even for achieving ordinary desires.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on principles of conduct and governance, emphasizing that scriptural rules must be applied with sensitivity to circumstance—especially the appropriateness of place and time.