Shloka 12
त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma
Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123
Devanagari script
तदहं ज्ञातुमिच्छामि दण्ड उत्पद्यते कथम् | कि चास्य पूर्व जागर्ति कि वा परममुच्यते
Transliteration
tad ahaṃ jñātum icchāmi daṇḍa utpadyate katham | ki cāsya pūrvaṃ jāgarti ki vā paramam ucyate ||
Translation
ดังนั้นข้าพเจ้าปรารถนาจะรู้ว่า ‘ทัณฑะ’—อำนาจบังคับแห่งการปกครอง—บังเกิดขึ้นได้อย่างไร? อะไรคือสิ่งที่ตื่นขึ้นก่อนและเป็นผู้เริ่มขับเคลื่อนมัน และหลักสูงสุดอันเป็นที่สุดของทัณฑะนั้นกล่าวว่าอย่างไร?
Word by Word
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formnominative, singular
ज्ञातुम्to know
ज्ञातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formtumun (infinitive)
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
Formpresent, 1st, singular, parasmaipada
दण्डःpunishment; the rod (of chastisement)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उत्पद्यतेarises/comes into being
उत्पद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्+पद्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
किम्and what? / moreover
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
Forminterrogative particle (kim ca = and what/also what)
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अस्यof it/of him (of punishment/daṇḍa)
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
पूर्वम्previously/first
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
Formadverb
जागर्तिis awake; remains vigilant
जागर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
किम्what
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
Forminterrogative particle
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
परम्the highest; the ultimate
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formneuter, nominative, singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, ātmanepada, passive
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaD
daṇḍaVerse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes