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Shloka 24

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

दत्त्वातिथिभ्यो देवेभ्य: पितृभ्य: स्वजनाय च । अवशिष्टानि ये<श्रन्ति तानाहुर्विघसाशिन:,महाभारत <८७७७ सुवर्णमय पक्षीके रूपमें देवराज इन्द्रका संन्यासी बने हुए ब्राह्मण-बालकोंको उपदेश क्योंकि विघसाशी पुरुष प्रात:-सायंकाल विधि-विधानपूर्वक अपने कुटुम्बमें अन्नका विभाग करके दुर्जय अविनाशी पदको प्राप्त कर लेते हैं। देवताओं, पितरों, अतिथियों तथा अपने परिवारके अन्य सब लोगोंको अन्न देकर जो सबसे पीछे अवशिष्ट अन्न खाते हैं, उन्हें विघसाशी कहा गया है

dattvātithibhyo devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ svajanāya ca | avaśiṣṭāni yeśnanti tān āhur vighasāśinaḥ ||

เมื่อถวายอาหารแก่แขก เทพเจ้า บรรพชน และญาติพี่น้องแล้ว ผู้ใดจึงบริโภคแต่ส่วนที่เหลือ ผู้นั้นเรียกว่า ‘วิฆสาศิน’

दत्त्वाhaving given
दत्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
अतिथिभ्यःto guests
अतिथिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
देवेभ्यःto the gods
देवेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
पितृभ्यःto the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितृभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
स्वजनायto one’s own people/family
स्वजनाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वजन
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवशिष्टानिthe remaining (leftover things/food)
अवशिष्टानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअवशिष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्नन्तिeat
अश्नन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (भक्षणे)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey call / they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रूवणे)
FormPerfect (Lit), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
विघसाशिनःleftover-eaters (those who eat what remains last)
विघसाशिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघसाशिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Atithi (guest)
D
Deva (gods)
P
Pitṛ (ancestors)
S
Svajana (kinsmen/family)
V
Vighasāśin (one who eats leftovers)

Educational Q&A

Serve and honor guests, gods, ancestors, and family before oneself; eating only what remains symbolizes self-restraint and prioritizing dharma over personal appetite.

The speaker defines the term ‘vighasāśin’ by describing a disciplined household practice: distributing food first to those owed reverence and care, and only then consuming the remainder.