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Shloka 13

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

तत्रादानेन भिद्यन्ते गणा: संघातवृत्तय: । भिन्ना विमनस: सर्वे गच्छन्त्यरिवशं भयात्‌,संघबद्ध होकर जीवन-निर्वाह करनेवाले गणराज्यके सैनिकोंको भी यदि समयपर भोजन और वेतन न मिले तो भी वे फूट जाते हैं। फ़ूट जानेपर सबके मन एक-दूसरेके विपरीत हो जाते हैं और वे सबके सब भयके कारण शत्रुओंके अधीन हो जाते हैं

tatrādānena bhidyante gaṇāḥ saṅghātavṛttayaḥ | bhinnā vimanasaḥ sarve gacchanty arivaśaṃ bhayāt ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “แม้หมู่คณะ (คณะ/คณา) ที่ดำรงชีพด้วยความเป็นปึกแผ่น หากไม่ได้รับการอุปถัมภ์และสิ่งพึงได้ตามกาล ก็ย่อมแตกออก เมื่อแตกแล้วทุกคนย่อมท้อใจ กลายเป็นฝ่ายตรงข้ามกัน และด้วยความหวาดกลัวก็ตกอยู่ใต้อำนาจศัตรู”

तत्रthere/therein
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अदानेनby non-giving (by withholding)
अदानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
भिद्यन्तेare split / break apart
भिद्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभिद्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (passive-like sense), Third, Plural
गणाःgroups / troops / corporations
गणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संघातवृत्तयःthose whose mode of life is in a compact body (living by union)
संघातवृत्तयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंघात-वृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
भिन्नाःsplit, divided
भिन्नाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभिन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विमनसःdejected / ill-disposed
विमनसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गच्छन्तिgo / fall into
गच्छन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
अरिवशम्enemy’s control/subjection
अरिवशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरि-वश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भयात्from fear / out of fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
G
gaṇa (corporate/republican body)
A
ari (enemy)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must ensure timely and fair provision (pay, food, support) to those who serve collectively; neglect (adāna) fractures unity, destroys morale, and makes the community vulnerable to enemy domination.

In Bhishma’s instruction on rāja-dharma in the Śānti Parva, he explains a practical cause of political collapse: when a united corporate body or soldiery is not properly maintained, it splits into factions and, weakened by fear and discord, becomes subject to enemies.