Shloka 5
Nīti-upadeśa to a Rājaputra: Self-restraint, Alliances, and Rival-Management (नीतिउपदेशः)
Devanagari script
मुनिर्वाच हित्वा दम्भं च काम॑ च क्रोध॑ हर्ष भयं तथा
Transliteration
munir uvāca hitvā dambhaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca krodhaṃ harṣa-bhayaṃ tathā
Translation
ฤๅษีกล่าวว่า “เมื่อสละเสียซึ่งความเสแสร้ง ความใคร่ และทั้งโทสะ ความลิงโลด และความหวาดกลัว…”
Word by Word
मुनिःthe sage
मुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootहा
FormAbsolutive (त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त, gerund), Active
दम्भम्hypocrisy, deceit
दम्भम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
कामम्desire, lust
कामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
क्रोधम्anger
क्रोधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हर्षम्joy, exhilaration
हर्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहर्ष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
M
muni (sage)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse initiates a moral instruction: one should give up inner faults—hypocrisy, desire, anger, emotional exhilaration, and fear—so that conduct becomes steady, truthful, and aligned with dharma.
Within Bhishma’s discourse in the Śānti Parva, a sage’s statement is being quoted/introduced. The sage begins listing the mental dispositions to be renounced as part of a broader teaching on righteous living and inner peace.