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Shloka 50

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

आर्टिरर्ते प्रिये प्रीतिरेतावन्मित्रलक्षणम्‌ । विपरीतं तु बोद्धव्यमरिलक्षणमेव तत्‌

ārtiḥ arte priye prītir etāvan mitra-lakṣaṇam | viparītaṁ tu boddhavyam ari-lakṣaṇam eva tat ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “เมื่อมิตรทุกข์ตนก็ทุกข์ เมื่อมิตรยินดีตนก็ยินดี—เพียงเท่านี้คือเครื่องหมายของมิตรแท้. ส่วนอุปนิสัยที่ตรงกันข้าม พึงเข้าใจว่าเป็นเครื่องหมายของศัตรู”

आर्तिःpain, distress
आर्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआर्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अर्तेwhen (someone is) afflicted
अर्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्त (अर्थे/अर्ते = पीडिते; loc. of arta)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
प्रियेwhen (someone is) dear / when the dear one is (happy)
प्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
प्रीतिःjoy, affection
प्रीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एतावत्this much, so much
एतावत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएतावत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मित्रलक्षणम्the mark/characteristic of a friend
मित्रलक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्रलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विपरीतम्the opposite
विपरीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविपरीत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
बोद्धव्यम्should be understood/known
बोद्धव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Passive sense, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अरिलक्षणम्the mark/characteristic of an enemy
अरिलक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअरिलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

A true friend is empathetically aligned with you—sharing your sorrow in hardship and your joy in success; someone who rejoices at your suffering or suffers at your joy bears the disposition of an enemy.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhīṣma defines practical criteria to distinguish a genuine friend from an enemy based on emotional response to another’s fortune and misfortune.