Shloka 19

शूरलक्षणवर्णनम् | Marks and Typologies of Martial Temperament

Devanagari script

त्यक्तात्मान: सर्व एते अन्त्यजा हानिवर्तिन: । पुरस्कार्या: सदा सैन्ये हन्यन्ते घ्नन्ति चापि ये

Transliteration

tyaktātmānaḥ sarva ete antyajā hānivartinaḥ | puraskāryāḥ sadā sainye hanyante ghnanti cāpi ye ||

Translation

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “คนเหล่านี้ล้วนละทิ้งตน เป็นพวกต่ำต้อย และหันหลังให้สิ่งที่เป็นประโยชน์ แต่ในกองทัพกลับถูกจัดไว้แนวหน้าเสมอ—พวกเขาถูกสังหาร และก็สังหารผู้อื่นด้วย”

Word by Word

• त्यक्तात्मानः: those who have abandoned themselves (self-abandoned)
• त्यक्तात्मानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्यक्तात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अन्त्यजाः: outcastes; those born in the last (lowest) class
• अन्त्यजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्त्यज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हानिवर्तिनः: moving towards loss; tending to ruin
• हानिवर्तिनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हानिवर्तिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पुरस्कार्याः: to be put in front; to be advanced/placed at the fore
• पुरस्कार्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरस्कार्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सदा: always
• सदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• सैन्ये: in the army
• सैन्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• हन्यन्ते: are killed
• हन्यन्ते: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Present, Passive, Third, Plural

• घ्नन्ति: kill
• घ्नन्ति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Present, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also; even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• ये: who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• sainya (army)