Shloka 31

अध्याय ४ — दुर्योधनस्य असंधि-निश्चयः

Duryodhana’s Refusal of Reconciliation

Devanagari script

दुःशासनश्र ते भ्राता भ्रातृभि: सहित: क्व नु । बाणगोचरसम्प्राप्त॑ प्रेक्ष्य चैव जयद्रथम्‌

Transliteration

duḥśāsanaś ca te bhrātā bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitaḥ kva nu | bāṇagocarasamprāptaṁ prekṣya caiva jayadratham ||

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “แล้วทุศศาสนะ น้องชายของท่าน พร้อมด้วยพี่น้องทั้งหลาย อยู่ที่ใด? แม้เมื่อเห็นชัยทรถะเข้ามาอยู่ในระยะศรของอรชุนแล้ว พวกเขาอยู่ที่ใดกัน?”

Word by Word

• दुःशासनः: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• भ्राता: brother
• भ्राता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भ्रातृभिः: with (his) brothers
• भ्रातृभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सहितः: accompanied (together)
• सहितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्व: where
• क्व: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्व

• नु: indeed/then (interrogative particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• बाण: arrow
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण
• Form: Masculine, —, —

• गोचर: range/field (of sight/reach)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोचर
• Form: Masculine, —, —

• सम्प्राप्तम्: having come into/reached
• सम्प्राप्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-प्र-आप् (सम्प्राप्त)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बाणगोचरसम्प्राप्तम्: having come within arrow-range
• बाणगोचरसम्प्राप्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाणगोचरसम्प्राप्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-ईक्ष्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), —, —

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• जयद्रथम्: Jayadratha
• जयद्रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयद्रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duḥśāsana
• Jayadratha
• Arjuna
• Kaurava brothers (implied by bhrātṛbhiḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores accountability in war and leadership: when a decisive moment arrives (an enemy exposed within striking range), absence or inaction by responsible warriors becomes a moral and strategic failure, inviting blame and reflection on neglected duty (dharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, reproachfully asks where Duḥśāsana and the other Kaurava brothers were when Jayadratha came within Arjuna’s arrow-range—implying that they failed to protect or respond at a critical juncture.