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Shloka 4

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

तावकानां परेषां च देवासुररणोपमम्‌ । परेषां तव सैन्ये वा नासीत्‌ कश्चित्‌ पराड्मुख:

tāvakānāṃ pareṣāṃ ca devāsura-raṇopamam | pareṣāṃ tava sainye vā nāsīt kaścit parāṅmukhaḥ ||

ศึกระหว่างกองทัพของพระองค์กับฝ่ายศัตรูนั้นประหนึ่งสงครามเทวะกับอสูร ในเวลานั้นไม่ว่าฝ่ายศัตรูหรือฝ่ายพระองค์ ก็ไม่มีผู้ใดหันหลังหนี

तावकानाम्of your (men)
तावकानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परेषाम्of the enemies/others
परेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देव-असुर-रण-उपमम्like the battle of gods and asuras
देव-असुर-रण-उपमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवासुररणोपम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परेषाम्of the enemies/others
परेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तवof you/your
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
सैन्येin the army
सैन्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आसीत्was/existed
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular
कश्चित्anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकश्चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पराड्मुखःturned away; facing away (in retreat)
पराड्मुखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tava')
K
Kaurava army (tāvakāḥ)
P
Pāṇḍava army (pareṣām)
D
Devas
A
Asuras

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights steadfastness in the face of danger: neither side yielded to fear. Ethically, it underscores the kṣatriya ideal of not turning away from battle, while also hinting at the tragic symmetry of valor on both sides in a destructive war.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the fighting was intense and evenly met—like the mythic Deva–Asura battles—and that no warrior in either army turned back in retreat.