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Shloka 2

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

तांस्तु यत्नेन महता संनिवार्य महारथान्‌ | पुत्रस्ते योधयामास पाण्डवानामनीकिनीम्‌,उन भागते हुए महारथियोंको महान्‌ प्रयत्नसे रोककर आपका पुत्र पाण्डवोंकी सेनाके साथ युद्ध करने लगा

tāṁstu yatnena mahatā saṁnivārya mahārathān | putras te yodhayāmāsa pāṇḍavānām anīkinīm ||

แต่แล้วพระโอรสของพระองค์ได้ใช้ความพยายามอย่างยิ่งยวดสกัดเหล่ามหารถีที่กำลังถอยหนีไว้ แล้วหันเข้ารบกับกองทัพของปาณฑพ—ฟื้นวินัยและเร่งแรงบุกท่ามกลางความอลหม่านแห่งการถอยทัพ

तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यत्नेनwith effort
यत्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयत्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
महताgreat
महता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संनिवार्यhaving restrained/checked
संनिवार्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-√वृ (वारयति/निवारयति)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
महारथान्great chariot-warriors
महारथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेyour
ते:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
योधयामासfought/caused to fight (began fighting)
योधयामास:
TypeVerb
Root√युध् (योधयति) + √अस् (आस्, periphrastic perfect)
Formलिट् (periphrastic perfect), Perfect (periphrastic), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अनीकिनीम्army
अनीकिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनीकिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'te')
D
Duryodhana (implied by 'your son')
M
Mahārathas (elite chariot-warriors)
P
Pāṇḍavas
P
Pāṇḍava army (anīkinī)

Educational Q&A

In the midst of panic and retreat, the verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of restoring order and facing the enemy rather than yielding to fear—leadership expressed as restraint, resolve, and re-engagement in rightful combat.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana (Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son) stops the fleeing elite warriors with great effort and then turns to fight the Pāṇḍavas’ army, attempting to rally his side and continue the battle.