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Shloka 66

धृतराष्ट्रविलापः — Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Lament and Inquiry (Śalya-parva, Adhyāya 2)

कथं च व: समेतानां मद्रराजो महारथ: । निहतः पाण्डवै: संख्ये पुत्रो वा मम संजय,संजय! तुम सब लोगोंके एक साथ रहते हुए भी महारथी मद्रराज शल्य अथवा मेरा पुत्र दुर्योधन दोनों ही तुम्हारे सामने पाण्डवोंके हाथसे कैसे मारे गये?

kathaṃ ca vaḥ sametānāṃ madrarājo mahārathaḥ | nihataḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ saṅkhye putro vā mama saṃjaya ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—“สัญชัย! ทั้งที่พวกเจ้าทั้งหมดรวมกันอยู่พร้อมหน้า เหตุใดในสนามรบ ศัลยะ กษัตริย์แห่งมัทระผู้เป็นมหารถี—หรือไม่ก็โอรสของเรา ทุรโยธนะ—จึงถูกปาณฑพสังหารได้? ความพ่ายแพ้นั้นเกิดขึ้นต่อหน้าต่อตาพวกเจ้าได้อย่างไร?”

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वःof you / your
वः:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
समेतानाम्of (you) assembled / gathered
समेतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमेत (सम् + इ + क्त)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मद्रराजःthe king of Madra (Shalya)
मद्रराजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महारथःthe great chariot-warrior
महारथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निहतःslain
निहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिहत (नि + हन् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डवैःby the Pandavas
पाण्डवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
संख्येin battle
संख्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंख्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
ममmy
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śalya
M
Madra (kingdom)
P
Pāṇḍavas
D
Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral-historical inquiry into how collective strength and renowned martial prowess can still end in defeat, pointing to the limits of mere force and the importance of counsel, cohesion, and dharmic alignment in war.

Vaiśampāyana addresses Sañjaya, asking how, despite the Kaurava side being assembled, the great warrior Śalya (king of Madra) or Duryodhana was slain by the Pāṇḍavas in battle—seeking an account of the circumstances leading to their deaths.