Mahabharata 9.19.62 — Shalya Parva, Adhyaya 19, Shloka 62
Śālva’s Elephant Assault and the Counterstroke (शाल्वस्य नागारूढाभ्यवहारः)
Devanagari script
यदा शूरं च भीरुं च मारयत्यन्तक: सदा | को नु मूढो न युध्येत पुरुष: क्षत्रियो ध्रुवम्
Translation
เมื่ออันตกะ (ความตาย) คร่าชีวิตทั้งผู้กล้าและผู้ขลาดอยู่เสมอ แล้วจะมีมนุษย์เขลาใดเล่า—ผู้เป็นกษัตริย์—ที่แน่แท้จะไม่ออกรบ?
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
शूरम्a brave man
शूरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
भीरुम्a coward
भीरुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
मारयतिkills
मारयति:
TypeVerb
Rootमृ (मारयति = causative of मृ)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active
अन्तकःDeath (the ender)
अन्तकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (किम्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नुindeed/then (interrogative particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
मूढःfoolish
मूढः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
युध्येतwould fight / should fight
युध्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Middle
पुरुषःa man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ध्रुवम्certainly
ध्रुवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootध्रुव
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
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