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Shloka 16

Śālva’s Elephant Assault and the Counterstroke (शाल्वस्य नागारूढाभ्यवहारः)

“आज सत्यपरायण राजा युधिष्छिर शत्रुहीन हो गये और आज दुर्योधन अपनी देदीप्यमान राजलक्ष्मीसे भ्रष्ट हो गया ।। अद्य श्रुत्वा हत॑ पुत्र धृतराष्ट्रो जनेश्वर: । विह्वल: पतितो भूमौ किल्बिषं प्रतिपद्यताम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | adya satyaparāyaṇo rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ śatruhīno 'bhavat, adya ca duryodhanaḥ svāṃ dedīpyamānāṃ rājalakṣmīṃ bhraṣṭaḥ | adya śrutvā hataṃ putraṃ dhṛtarāṣṭro janeśvaraḥ vihvalaḥ patito bhūmau kilbiṣaṃ pratipadyatām ||

วันนี้พระเจ้ายุธิษฐิระผู้ยึดมั่นในสัจจะได้เป็นผู้ไร้ศัตรู; และวันนี้ทุรโยธน์ก็ร่วงหล่นจากสิริราชอันรุ่งโรจน์. วันนี้เมื่อได้ยินว่าบุตรถูกสังหาร ธฤตราษฏระผู้เป็นเจ้าแห่งชนทั้งหลายก็สะท้านหวั่นไหว ล้มลงกับพื้นดิน ประหนึ่งถูกผลแห่งบาปกรรมของตนเองครอบงำ

अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
हतम्slain
हतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
धृतराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
जनेश्वरःlord of men/king
जनेश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनेश्वर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
विह्वलःbewildered, distraught
विह्वलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविह्वल
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पतितःfallen
पतितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपत् (धातु)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
Formfeminine, locative, singular
किल्बिषम्sin, guilt
किल्बिषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकिल्बिष
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रतिपद्यताम्may he incur/enter into (guilt)
प्रतिपद्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + पद् (धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative/benedictive usage), third, singular, ātmanepada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Duryodhana
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
R
rājalakṣmī (royal fortune/sovereignty)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts the stability that comes from commitment to truth (Yudhiṣṭhira becoming ‘enemyless’) with the collapse that follows adharma (Duryodhana losing royal fortune). It also hints that grief and ruin are not merely external events but the ripening of moral fault (kilbiṣa) and its consequences.

Sañjaya reports a decisive reversal: Yudhiṣṭhira’s position is secured while Duryodhana’s sovereignty is shattered. Dhṛtarāṣṭra, upon hearing of his son’s death, is overwhelmed and falls to the ground, portrayed as being overtaken by the burden and outcome of wrongdoing.