Shloka 3236

Devanagari script

प्रायशो 5भिमुख: शत्रून्‌ धर्मेण पुरुषर्षभ । पुरुषप्रवर गान्धारीनन्दन! आप धन्य हैं, क्योंकि युद्धमें प्राय: धर्मपूर्वक शत्रुओंका सामना करते हुए मारे गये हैं

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | prāyaśo 'bhimukhaḥ śatrūn dharmeṇa puruṣarṣabha | puruṣapravara gāndhārīnandana tvam dhanyaḥ asi, yasmād yuddhe prāyaḥ dharmapūrvakaṃ śatrūn abhimukhaṃ kṛtvā hataḥ asi ||

Translation

โอ้ผู้ประเสริฐดุจโคอุสุภในหมู่มนุษย์ ท่านล้มลงเพราะโดยมากได้เผชิญหน้าศัตรูตรง ๆ ตามธรรมะ โอ้ยอดบุรุษ บุตรแห่งคานธารี ท่านเป็นผู้มีบุญยิ่งนัก เพราะในสนามรบท่านถูกสังหารขณะยืนหยัดประจันหน้าศัตรูโดยชอบธรรมเป็นส่วนใหญ่

Word by Word

• प्रायशः: generally, for the most part
• प्रायशः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रायशस्
• Form: Avyaya

• अभिमुखः: facing (towards), confronting
• अभिमुखः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभिमुख
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रून्: enemies
• शत्रून्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• धर्मेण: by righteousness, in accordance with dharma
• धर्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• पुरुषर्षभ: O bull among men
• पुरुषर्षभ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष-ऋषभ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पुरुषप्रवर: O foremost of men
• पुरुषप्रवर: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष-प्रवर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• गान्धारीनन्दन: O son of Gandhārī
• गान्धारीनन्दन: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गान्धारी-नन्दन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• आप: you (honorific)
• आप: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Second person (honorific), Nominative, Plural (used for singular honorific)

• धन्य: fortunate, blessed
• धन्य: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural (agreeing with honorific आप)

• हैं: are
• हैं: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Present, 3rd person, Plural (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent: सन्ति/असि per context)

• क्योंकि: because
• क्योंकि: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किम्+हि
• Form: Avyaya

• युद्धमें: in battle
• युद्धमें: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular (Hindi postposition -में)

• प्रायः: generally, mostly
• प्रायः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रायस्
• Form: Avyaya

• धर्मपूर्वक: in a righteous manner
• धर्मपूर्वक: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: धर्म-पूर्वक
• Form: Avyaya

• शत्रुओंका: of enemies
• शत्रुओंका: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural (Hindi postposition -का)

• सामना: confrontation, facing
• सामना: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्+आ+√मन्/√मान (सामना as Hindi noun; Sanskrit: सम्मुखता/अभिमुखता)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular (Hindi usage)

• करते: doing, making
• करते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ
• Form: Present active participle (Hindi), Masculine, Nominative, Plural (agreeing with आप)

• हुए: having been, while being
• हुए: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू
• Form: Past participial/conjunctive (Hindi), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मारे: killed, slain
• मारे: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मृ/√हन् (Hindi passive sense; Sanskrit: हताः)
• Form: Past passive participle (Hindi), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गये: went (i.e., came to be), were (in passive completion)
• गये: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम्
• Form: Perfective auxiliary (Hindi), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Gāndhārī
• Gāndhārīnandana (Duryodhana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse upholds the kṣatriya ideal that meeting one’s enemy openly and according to dharma is honorable; death incurred while fighting righteously is presented as a form of blessedness, emphasizing ethical conduct even amid warfare.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses the ‘son of Gāndhārī’ (Duryodhana), praising him as fortunate because he was killed in battle while generally confronting enemies directly and in a dharma-aligned way—an evaluative reflection on the manner of his fighting and death.