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Shloka 1

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Lament and Kṛṣṇa’s Rudra-Cosmogony Explanation (सौप्तिक पर्व, अध्याय १७)

/ ऑपन-माज बक। डे सप्तदशो< ध्याय: अपने समस्त पुत्रों और सैनिकोंके मारे जानेके विषयमें युधिष्ठिरका और उत्तरमें श्रीकृष्णके द्वारा जी हित प्रतिपादन वैशम्पायन उवाच हतेषु सर्वसैन्येषु सौप्तिके तै रथैस्त्रिभि: | शोचन्‌ युधिष्ठटिरो राजा दाशाहमिदमब्रवीत्‌,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! रातको सोते समय उन तीन महारथियोंने पाण्डवोंकी सारी सेनाओंका जो संहार कर डाला था, उसके लिये शोक करते हुए राजा युधिष्ठिरने दशा्ईनन्दन भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्णसे इस प्रकार कहा--

vaiśampāyana uvāca | hateṣu sarvasainyeṣu sauptike tair rathais tribhiḥ | śocan yudhiṣṭhiro rājā dāśārham idam abravīt ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—เมื่อกองทัพทั้งปวงถูกสังหารสิ้นในเหตุสังหารยามราตรี (เสาปฺติกะ) โดยมหารถีทั้งสามนั้น พระเจ้ายุธิษฐิระผู้โศกเศร้าได้ทูลดาศารหะ คือพระศรีกฤษณะ ด้วยถ้อยคำดังนี้

वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
हतेषुwhen (they were) slain / among the slain
हतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
सर्वसैन्येषुin all the armies
सर्वसैन्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
सौप्तिकेin the night-raid (Sauptika episode)
सौप्तिके:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसौप्तिक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तैःby those
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
रथैःby chariots / by chariot-warriors
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
त्रिभिःby three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शोचन्lamenting
शोचन्:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormPresent (participle), Singular, Masculine, Nominative
युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दाशार्हम्the Dasharha (Krishna)
दाशार्हम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदाशार्ह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said / spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dāśārha (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
T
the three chariot-warriors (implied perpetrators of the night massacre)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces an ethical inquiry rather than stating a doctrine: catastrophic, morally troubling violence (a night massacre) prompts the righteous king to seek guidance from Kṛṣṇa. It frames the coming discussion around dharma—how to respond to grief, injustice, and the limits of retaliation.

After the Sauptika episode in which the camp is destroyed at night by three great fighters, Yudhiṣṭhira mourns the loss of the entire allied force and turns to Śrī Kṛṣṇa (Dāśārha) to speak—setting up Kṛṣṇa’s response and counsel in the verses that follow.