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Shloka 10

शत्रुश्चैव हि मित्रं च न लेख्यं न च मातृका । यो वै संतापयति यं स शत्रु: प्रोच्यते नृप,राजन्‌! अमुक शत्रु है और अमुक मित्र, इसका कोई लेखा नहीं है और न शत्रु- मित्रसूचक कोई अक्षर ही है। जो जिसको संताप देता है, वही उसका शत्रु कहा जाता है

śatruś caiva hi mitraṃ ca na lekhyaṃ na ca mātṛkā | yo vai santāpayati yaṃ sa śatruḥ procyate nṛpa rājann |

ทุรโยธนะกล่าวว่า: “ข้าแต่พระราชา! ไม่มีบัญชีตายตัวหรืออักษรเครื่องหมายใดที่จะตรึงผู้ใดไว้ตลอดกาลว่า ‘ศัตรู’ หรือ ‘มิตร’. ผู้ใดก่อความเดือดร้อนแก่ผู้ใด ในความสัมพันธ์นั้นผู้นั้นย่อมถูกเรียกว่าเป็นศัตรูของเขา.”

शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मित्रम्friend
मित्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लेख्यम्to be written/recorded
लेख्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootलेख्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मातृकाalphabet/letter-series (indicator)
मातृका:
TypeNoun
Rootमातृका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed/verily
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
संतापयतिcauses to suffer/torments
संतापयति:
TypeVerb
Rootसंतापय् (संताप + णिच्), धातु: तप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सःhe/that one
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शत्रुःenemy
शत्रुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रोच्यतेis called/said
प्रोच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
N
nṛpa/rājan (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

Friendship and enmity are not permanent labels; they are defined by conduct. The one who causes another suffering functions as that person’s enemy in that context.

Duryodhana addresses a king and frames relationships in practical terms, arguing that ‘friend’ and ‘enemy’ are determined by who brings distress or relief, not by any fixed social or written designation.