Shloka 64

Devanagari script

दहने यत्‌ सपुत्राया निशि मातुस्तवानघ । द्यूतार्थे यच्च युष्मासु प्रावर्तत सुयोधन:

Transliteration

dahane yat saputrāyā niśi mātus tavānagha | dyūtārthe yac ca yuṣmāsu prāvartata suyodhanaḥ ||

Translation

โอ ผู้ปราศจากมลทิน! ความอุกอาจที่กระทำในยามราตรีต่อมารดาของท่านพร้อมด้วยบุตรทั้งหลาย และสิ่งที่สุโยธนะก่อขึ้นต่อพวกท่านทั้งหมดเพื่อเหตุแห่งการเล่นสกา—กรรมเหล่านั้น…

Word by Word

दहनेin the burning (fire)

यत्that which

सपुत्रायाःof/for (her) who had a son

निशिat night

मातुःof (your) mother

तवyour

अनघO sinless one

द्यूतार्थेfor the purpose of gambling

यत्that which

चand

युष्मासुamong you / with respect to you (all)

प्रावर्ततarose / began / occurred

सुयोधनःSuyodhana (Duryodhana)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address anagha)

Kuntī (as 'your mother')

Pāṇḍavas (as 'her sons' / 'you all')

Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

Dyūta (dice-game, as an event/objective)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse recalls earlier wrongful acts—especially those driven by greed and deceit (the dice-game) and nocturnal violence—highlighting how adharma accumulates and ripens into catastrophic war. It implicitly warns that unethical means used for gain become the seeds of collective ruin.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya, reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, points back to the Kauravas’ prior offenses: a night-time outrage connected with the Pāṇḍavas’ mother and her sons, and Duryodhana’s instigation of the dice-game against the Pāṇḍavas. He frames these as antecedent causes behind the present calamity on the battlefield.