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Shloka 23

कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna

Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying

नरास्तु निहता भूमौ कूजन्तस्तत्र मारिष | दृष्टवा च बान्धवानन्ये पितृनन्ये पितामहान्‌,आर्य! वहाँ घायल होकर पृथ्वीपर पड़े हुए कितने ही मनुष्य अपने बान्धव-जनोंको देखकर कराह उठते थे। कितने ही अपने बाप-दादोंको देखकर कुछ अस्फुट स्वरमें बोलने लगते थे

narāstu nihatā bhūmau kūjantastatra māriṣa | dṛṣṭvā ca bāndhavān anye pitṝn anye pitāmahān |

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—“ท่านผู้ควรเคารพ ที่นั่นเหล่ามนุษย์ผู้บาดเจ็บล้มลงนอนกับพื้น ต่างคร่ำครวญด้วยเสียงทุกข์. บางคนเห็นญาติของตนก็ครางร้องดัง; บางคนเห็นบิดาและปู่ของตนก็เริ่มพูดด้วยเสียงขาดห้วง ไม่ชัดเจน.”

नराःmen
नराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
निहताःslain/struck down
निहताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कूजन्तःcrying out/wailing
कूजन्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootकूज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
मारिषO noble sir (address)
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बान्धवान्kinsmen/relatives
बान्धवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितॄन्fathers
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितामहान्grandfathers
पितामहान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
kinsmen (bāndhavāḥ)
F
fathers/forefathers (pitaraḥ)
G
grandfathers (pitāmahāḥ)
B
battlefield/earth (bhūmi)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical cost of war: even amid martial duty, the sight of one’s own relatives—fathers and grandfathers—turns victory into grief, revealing the fragility of human life and the moral weight borne by those who fight.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield aftermath: wounded and fallen men lie on the ground crying out; recognizing their own family members among the casualties, they groan and speak faintly in broken voices.