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Shloka 57

कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ४०

Karṇa’s Pressure on the Pāñcālas; Duryodhana Disabled; Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

अपश्यन्नम्भस: पार निपतंश्ष श्रमान्वित: । पातवेगप्रमथितो हंसं काको<ब्रवीदिदम्‌,शल्य कहते हैं--दुष्टात्मा कर्ण! वह कौआ अत्यन्त पीड़ित हो जब अपनी दोनों पाँखों और चोंचसे जलका स्पर्श करने लगा, उस अवस्थामें हंसने उसे देखा। वह उड़ानके वेगसे थककर शिथिलांग हो गया था और जलका कहीं आर-पार न देखकर नीचे गिरता जा रहा था। उस समय उसने हंससे इस प्रकार कहा--

apaśyann ambhasaḥ pāraṃ nipataṃś ca śramānvitaḥ | pātavega-pramathito haṃsaṃ kāko 'bravīd idam ||

ศัลยะกล่าวว่า “เมื่อมองไม่เห็นฝั่งไกลของสายน้ำ อีกาทั้งอ่อนล้าและระโหยจากแรงแห่งการบิน จึงร่วงลงมา ในยามคับขันนั้นมันเห็นหงส์แล้วกล่าวดังนี้”

अपश्यन्did not see
अपश्यन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, singular, परस्मैपद, active
अम्भसःof the water
अम्भसः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस्
Formneuter, genitive, singular
पारम्the far shore
पारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार
Formneuter, accusative, singular
निपतन्falling down
निपतन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-पत्
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
श्रम-अन्वितःendowed with fatigue; exhausted
श्रम-अन्वितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रम + अन्वित
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पात-वेग-प्रमथितःshaken/harassed by the speed of flight
पात-वेग-प्रमथितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपात + वेग + प्रमथित
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
हंसम्the swan
हंसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहंस
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
काकःthe crow
काकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अब्रवीत्said; spoke
अब्रवीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
Formलङ् (Imperfect), 3, singular, परस्मैपद, active
इदम्this (speech/words)
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formneuter, accusative, singular

शल्य उवाच

Ś
Śalya
C
crow (kāka)
S
swan (haṃsa)
W
water (ambhas)
F
far shore (pāra)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up a moral contrast: reckless pride and overreaching (the crow) leads to exhaustion and downfall, while true capability and discernment (the swan) become the standard against which folly is exposed. In Śalya’s larger admonitory context, it warns against boasting beyond one’s strength and ignoring limits.

Śalya begins a fable-like episode: a crow, unable to find the far shore and weakened by the speed of its flight, starts to fall into the water. Seeing the swan, it speaks to it—introducing the crow’s forthcoming words and the ethical lesson that Śalya intends for Karṇa.