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Shloka 5

अध्याय २९: कर्णस्य शल्यं प्रति शापस्मरणं च युद्धनिश्चयः | Chapter 29: Karṇa recalls curses to Śalya and declares resolve for battle

परिघमुसलशक्तितोमरै- नखरभुशुण्डिगदाशतैहता: । द्विरदनरहया: सहस्रशो रुधिरनदीप्रवहास्तदाभवन्‌,उस समय परिघ, मूसल, शक्ति, तोमर, नखर, भुशुण्डी और गदाओंकी सौ-सौ चोटें खाकर हजारों हाथी, मनुष्य और घोड़े खूनकी नदी बहाने लगे

sañjaya uvāca | parigha-muśala-śakti-tomarair nakhara-bhuśuṇḍi-gadā-śatair hatāḥ | dvirada-nara-hayāḥ sahasraśo rudhira-nadī-pravahās tadābhavan ||

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—ครั้นนั้น ด้วยการฟาดฟันนับร้อยจากกระบองเหล็ก สาก หอก พลองพุ่ง อาวุธคล้ายกรงเล็บ ภูศุณฑี และคทา ช้าง คน และม้านับพันนับหมื่นก็ล้มระเนระนาด จนสนามรบประหนึ่งหลั่งไหลเป็นสายน้ำดุจแม่น้ำโลหิต

परिघwith an iron club/bar
परिघ:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिघ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मुसलwith a pestle/club
मुसल:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुसल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शक्तिwith a spear/javelin
शक्ति:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
तोमरैःwith lances
तोमरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतोमर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नखरwith a claw-like weapon (nakhara)
नखर:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनखर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भुशुण्डिwith a bhusuṇḍī (heavy missile/club-like weapon)
भुशुण्डि:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभुशुण्डि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
गदाwith a mace
गदा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
शतैःby hundreds
शतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
हताःstruck/slain
हताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विरदelephants
द्विरद:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विरद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नरmen
नर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सहस्रशःby thousands
सहस्रशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्
Formtrue
रुधिरof blood
रुधिर:
TypeNoun
Rootरुधिर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
नदीrivers
नदी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रवहाःstreams/flows
प्रवहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtrue
अभवन्became/were
अभवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
परिघ (parigha)
मूसल (muśala)
शक्ति (śakti)
तोमर (tomara)
नखर (nakhara)
भुशुण्डी (bhuśuṇḍī)
गदा (gadā)
द्विरद (elephants)
नर (men/warriors)
हय (horses)
रुधिरनदी (river of blood)

Educational Q&A

The verse functions as a stark ethical reminder: warfare, even when framed as kṣatriya-duty, unleashes vast suffering that can overwhelm any claim of glory. By depicting 'rivers of blood,' the text presses the listener to recognize the human (and animal) cost when conflict escalates beyond restraint and dharma is strained.

Sañjaya reports the intensity of the fighting: countless elephants, warriors, and horses are cut down by repeated strikes from multiple kinds of weapons, and the slaughter is so great that blood is imagined as flowing like rivers across the battlefield.