Mahabharata 7.99.21 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 99, Shloka 21
अध्याय ९९ — युयुधान-दुःशासन-युद्धम्
Chapter 99: Sātyaki and Duḥśāsana’s engagement
वर्तमाने तथा युद्धे निर्मय्यादे विशाम्पते । धृष्टद्युम्नो हयानश्वैद्रोणस्य व्यत्यमिश्रयत्
sañjaya uvāca | vartamāne tathā yuddhe nirmaryāde viśāmpate | dhṛṣṭadyumno hayān aśvaidroṇasya vyatyamiśrayat ||
สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—ข้าแต่เจ้าแห่งประชา! เมื่อศึกนั้นดำเนินไปอย่างไร้ขอบเขตและไร้ระเบียบ ธฤษฏทยุมน์ได้ขับรถศึกให้ม้าของตนเบียดประชิดกับม้าของโทรณะ จนกองม้าทั้งสองสัมผัสปะทะกันท่ามกลางความชุลมุน.
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the erosion of maryādā (accepted limits and propriety) in war: once restraint collapses, combatants are driven into ever more direct and aggressive engagements, illustrating how adharma in conflict escalates violence and confusion.
As the fighting turns ‘nirmaryāda’ (unrestrained), Dhṛṣṭadyumna closes in on Droṇa so tightly that their chariot-horses intermingle—signaling a deliberate move into close-quarters chariot combat against the formidable teacher.
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