Mahabharata 7.4.5 — Drona Parva, Adhyaya 4, Shloka 5

अध्याय ४ — भीष्मेन कर्णोत्साहनम्

Bhīṣma’s Encouragement of Karṇa

Devanagari script

स्वबाहुबलवीर्येण धार्तराष्ट्रजयैषिणा । कर्ण राजपुरं गत्वा काम्बोजा निर्जितास्त्वया

Transliteration

svabāhubalavīryeṇa dhārtarāṣṭrajayaiṣiṇā | karṇa rājapuraṁ gatvā kāmbojā nirjitāstvayā ||

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า— “โอ้กรรณะ! ด้วยความปรารถนาให้โอรสแห่งธฤตราษฏระ (ทุรโยธนะ) มีชัย ท่านได้ไปยังราชปุระ และด้วยกำลังแขนกับวีรภาพของตนเอง ท่านได้ปราบชาวกัมโพชะทั้งปวงให้ราบคาบแล้ว”

Word by Word

• स्व: by (one's) own
• स्व: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• बाहु-बल-वीर्येण: by (your) arm-strength and prowess
• बाहु-बल-वीर्येण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु/बल/वीर्य
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• धार्तराष्ट्र-जय-एषिणा: seeking victory for the Dhārtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
• धार्तराष्ट्र-जय-एषिणा: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र/जय/एषिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• कर्ण: O Karṇa
• कर्ण: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• राज-पुरम्: the royal city (Rājapura)
• राज-पुरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज/पुर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• गत्वा: having gone
• गत्वा: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• काम्बोजाः: the Kāmbojas
• काम्बोजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम्बोज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• निर्जिताः: conquered/defeated
• निर्जिताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + जि
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Karna
• Dhārtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
• Rājapura
• Kāmbojas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the moral complexity of valor: extraordinary personal strength and courage can be ethically ambiguous when directed toward partisan victory. It invites reflection on how loyalty and ambition can channel heroism into the machinery of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya addresses Karṇa, recalling that Karṇa went to a place called Rājapura and conquered the Kāmbojas, motivated by the aim of securing victory for Duryodhana (Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son).